Board Review
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| What causes Beriberi? | Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) deficiency
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| What is Achelasia? | Dysphagia for solids and liquids, absent peristalsis and tight lower esophageal sphincter, and Beak-like esophagus on x-ray
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| Direct inguinal hernia | more common in adults weakness in Hesselbach's triangle
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| Indirect inguinal hernia | more common in infants persistant processus vaginalis
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| Crohn's disease | Can effect entire GI tract, terminal ilium more common, Transmural, Skip lesions, and "Cobblestonnong"
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| Ulcerative colitis | Colon and rectum without skip lesions, and "lead pipe" appearance on x-ray
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| Viral enteritis | Norwalk, Rotavirus in young children
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| Staphylococcal enteritis | "Church picnic" epidemic, onset in 3-6 hours
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| Shigella dysentary | very small bacterial dose, blood and mucus in stool
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| Vibrio parahaemolyticus | Oysters
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| Cholelithiasis | "Female, fertile, forty fat"
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| Cholangitis | Charcot's triad: biliary colic, jaundice, fever
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| Hepatitis B | hep BsAg in early infection and carrier, hep BcAb for life
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| Secondary hypertension | Estrogen, renal dz, hyperaldosteronism, pheo, coarctation
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| Innocent murmur | medium pitch, systolic ejection, L lower/mid sternal border
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| Osler's nodes | nodules on digits secondary to BE
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| Roth's spots | retinal hemprrhages secondary to BE
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| Raynaud's | Pallor, cyanosis, erythema of fingers
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| Mitral stenosis | rheumatic fever, loud S1 and opening snap after S2, low-pitched diastolic rumble
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| Mitral regurg | Midsystolic click, harsh blowing holosystolic
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| Aortic Stenosis | Angina, syncope, left-sided heart failure, crescendo-decrescendo murmur radiating to carotids
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| Aortic regurg | Decrescendo, widened pulse pressure, "water hammer", "pistol-shot" over femoral A
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| Post-op fever | Wind, Water, Walk, Wound, Weird meds
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| MEN 1 | parathyroid, pit, pancreatic
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| MEN 2a | parathyroid, thyroid (medullary), pheo
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| MEN 2b | Neuromas, thyroid (med), pheo, Marfanoid habitus
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| threatened abortion | Abdominal cramps with or without vaginal bleeding or Vaginal bleeding during the first 20 weeks of pregnancy
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| missed abortion | the embryo or fetus has died, but a miscarriage has not yet occurred
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| incomplete abortion | when tissue has been passed, but some remains in utero
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| SVT | re-entrant rhythm, p-waves hidden in T waves
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| A flutter | saw tooth
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| VT | 3 or more consecutive PVCs, independent p-waves
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| V Fib | no definable wave, no pulse
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| Familial hypercholestrolemia | auto dom, xanthomas, xanthelasma, MI in 40s
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| Familial hypertrigyceridemia | auto dom, pancreatitis, milky serum
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| Familial hyperlipidemia | auto dom, increased chol or triG, no xanthomas (eyelid)
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| MI | ST elevation, T wave inversion, CPK peak 12-40 hrs, LDH peak 3-6 days
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| Left-sided heart failure | DOE, Orthopnea, PND
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| Right-sided heart failure | Edema, Hepatomegaly, JVD
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| Viral pneumonia | patchy infiltrates, most common in children
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| S. pneumoniae pneumonia | rust sputum, lobar, gram pos diplococci
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| H. inf pneumonia | COPD, small gram neg rods
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| Kleb pneumonia | EtOH, current jelly, encapsulated gram neg rods
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| Staph pneumonia | salmon sputum, nosocomial, gram pos cocci in clusters
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| Mycoplasma pneumonia | young adults, xray worse than symptoms
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| symogi effect | nocturnal hypoglycemia that leads to morning hyperglycemia
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| Heberden's nodes | DIP - OA
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| holiday heart | inc Etoh consumption and withdrawal - afib
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| Pyridoxine def | B6, neropathy, isoniazid
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| Niacin def | Pellegra - Diarrhea, dementia, dermatitis(stomatitis)
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| Cobolamin | B12
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| lung cancer | squamous (40-50%), adeno (35%), small cell (25%)
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| Small cell Ca | smoking, paraneoplastic, Horner's, superior vena cava syndrome
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| Sarcoidosis | increased calcium, "ground glass" xray
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| Pulm HTN | accentuated P2 of S2, cyanosis and clubbing
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| Pleural effusion exudate | >3g/dl prt, pleural/serum prt >0.5, pleural/serum LDH > 0.6, neoplasm and infection
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| Pleural effusion transudate | <3g/dl prt, pleural/serum prt <0.5, pleural/serum LDH < 0.6, CHF, cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrom
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| Thyroid nodule | previous neck radiation, hoarse voice, "cold" nodule on thyroid scan
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| Thyroid Ca | Papillary (most common, best prog), Follicular, Medullary, Anaplastic (worse)
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| hypoparathyroidism | tingling, tetany, Chovstek's sign
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| Chovstek's sign | tapping of ear causes facial twitching
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| hyperparathyroidism | Bones, stones, abdominal groan and psychic moans
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| SIADH | tumor, trauma, pulm dz, drugs, hypoNa, concentrated urine, tx restrict water
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| diabetes insipidus | lack of ADH leads to polyuria and polydipsia
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| Addison's dz | dec. cortisol, wt loss and fatigue, skin pigmentation, eosinophilia, inc. IV glucocorticoids when stressed
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| Cushing's syndrome | inc cortisol, easy bruising, osteoporosis,
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| pheochromocytoma | HA, palpitation, anxiety, HTN, dx by urinary catecholamines
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| Wilson's dz | auto rec, Copper accum, Kayser-Fleischer
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| Glomerulonephritis | hematuria, proteinuria, RBC casts
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| Nephrotic syndrome | pronteinuria, edema, hypoalbuniuria
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| renal artery stenosis | fibromuscular displasia (young women), atheroscerolsis
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| Bladder Ca risks | smoking, schistosomiasis, aniline dyes
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| acute tubular necrosis | ischemia or toxins, resolves in weeks, may need dialysis
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| uremic syndrome | CNS changes, asterixis, pericarditis, N/V, yellow-brown skin
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| polycystic kidney dz | auto dom, hematuria, HTN, UTIs
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| central pontine myelinolysis | correcting hypoNa to fast
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| epididymitis | support relieves pain
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| testicular torsion | adolescent boys, elevation does not relieve pain
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| hydrocele | can be transilluminated
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| vericocele | "bag of worms"
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| seminoma | painless lump, does not transilluminate,
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| prostate CA | firm, nodular, irregular
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| Head and neck | T1-4
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| Heart | T1-5
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| Respiratory system | T2-7
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| Esophagus | T2-8
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| Upper GI | T5-9, stom - duod
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| Middle GI | T10-11, duod - right colon
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| Lower GI | T12-L2, left colon
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| Appendix | T12
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| Kidneys | T10-11
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| Ureters | T10-11,12-L1
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| Bladder | T11-L2
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| Trich | yellow, green bubbly, strawberry, metro
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| BV | copious fishy d/c
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| venereal warts | HPV 6,11
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| Vulvar Ca | squam, after menopause, pruritis
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| Cervical ca | HPV 16,18,31, postcoital bleeding
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| Endometrial ca | unopposed estro, obesity, nulliparity, early menarche, late menopause
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| breast ca | nuliparity, early menarche, 1st delivery after 30, fixed, irregular painless, 90% invasive ductal
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| DDx breast mass | Ca, cyst, fibroadenoma, fat necrosis
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| Endometriosis | dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, infertility
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| PCOS | high LH, low/n FSH, hirsutism, obesity
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| Incontinence | DIAPERS - Dementia, Infection, Atroph vag, Pharm, Endocrine, Restricted motility, Stool impaction
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| first stage of labor | from regular painful contractions to complete cervical dilation
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| second stage of labor | from cervical dilation to delivery
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| third stage of labor | birth to placenta
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| early decelerations | normal, occur with contraction
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| late decelerations | begin, peak and end after contraction, fetal hypoxia
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| variable decelerations | cord compression, reposition
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