Remale Reproductive System
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| amni/o | amnion
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| cervic/o | neck; cervix uteri (neck of uterus)
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| colp/o | vagina
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| vagin/o | vagina
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| galact/o | milk
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| lact/o | milk
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| gynec/o | woman, female
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| hyster/o | uterus (womb)
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| metri/o | uterus
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| uter/o | uterus
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| mamm/o | breast
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| mast/o | breast
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| men/o | menses, menstruation
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| metr/o | uterus (womb); measure
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| nat/o | birth
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| oophor/o | ovary
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| ovari/o | ovary
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| perine/o | perineum
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| salping/o | tube (usually fallopian or eustachian [auditory]tubes)
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| -arche | beginning
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| -cyesis | pregnancy
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| -gravida | pregnant woman
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| -para | to bear (offspring)
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| -salpinx | tube (usually fallopian or eustachian[auditory]tubes)
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| -tocia | chilbirth, labor
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| -version | turning
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| ante- | before, in front of
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| dys- | bad; painful; difficult
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| endo- | in, within
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| multi- | many, much
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| post- | after
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| primi- | first
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| Genital itching, painful intercourse, and foul-smelling discharge are symptoms of _________ | vaginitis
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| Any of several contagious diseases acquired as a result of sexual activity with an infected partner; also known as venereal disease, can also be called _____________ | sexually transmitted disease (STD)
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| Caused by bacteria; it involves the mucosal surface of the genitourinary tract and, possibly, the rectum and pharynx - acquired through sexual intercourse and through orogenital and anogenital contact | gonorrhea
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| Caused by infection with the bacterium Treponema pallidum, it may become a chronic, infectious, multisystemic disease | syphilis
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| Caused by infection with the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatic - the most prevalent and one of the most damaging STD's in the US | chlamydia
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| Red, blisterlike, painful lesions that closely resemble the common fever blister or cold sore that appears on the lips and around the mouth | genital herpes
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| Condylomas caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV) also known as ________________ | genital warts
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| More common in females - causes vaginitis, urethritis, and cystitis; in males it causes irritation inside the penis, mild discharge, or slight burning after urination or ejaculation | trichomoniasis
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| Benign uterine tumors composed of muscle and fibrous tissue | fibroids; AKA leiomyomas
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| The most common malignancy of women in the US; appears to be associated with ovarian hormonal function | breast cancer
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| Most commonly affects women between the ages of 40-49; infection associated with sexual activity, first coitus at a young age, large numbers of sex partners, and infection with certain sexually transmitted viruses | cervical cancer
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| Inflammation of the mucous lining of the cervix uteri | endocervicitis
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| Inability or diminished ability to produce offspring | infertility
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| Beginning of menstrual function | menarche
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| Scanty or infrequent menstrual flow | oligomenorrhea
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| Period during which secondary sex characteristics begin to develop and the capability of sexual reproduction is attained | puberty
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| Turning or state of being turned back, especially an entire organ, such as the uterus, being tipped from its normal position | retroversion
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| Inability of the female to become pregnant or the male to impregnate the female | sterility
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| Capable of sustaining life; denotes a fetus sufficiently develooped to live outside of the uterus | viable
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| Termination of pregnancy before the embryo or fetus is capable of surviving outside the uterus | abortion
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| Premature separation of a normally situated placenta | abruptio placentae
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| Common abnormality of delivery in which the fetal size of the fetus or the small size of the pelvic outlet | dystocia
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| Most serious form of toxemia during pregnancy | eclampsia
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| Woman who has been pregnant more than once | multigravida
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| Woman who has delivered more than one viable (live) infant | multipara
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| Process of giving birth | parturition
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| Condition in which the placenta is attached near the cervix and ruptures prematurely, with spotting as the early symptom | placenta previa
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| Woman pregnant for the first time | premigravida
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| Period of 42 days after childbirth and expulsion of the placenta and membranes, during which the reproductive organs usually return to normal | puerperium
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| Transabdominal puncture of the amniotic sac under ultrasound guidance using a needle and syringe to remove amniotic fluid | amniocentesis
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| Test for patency of the uterine tubes made by transuterine insufflation with carbon dioxide | tubal insufflation
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| Visual examination of the vagina and cervix with an optical magnifying instrument (colposcope) | colposcopy
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| Sampling of placental tissues for prenatal diagnosis of potential genetic defects | chorionic villus sampling (CVS)
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| Cytological study used to detect abnormal cells sloughed from the cervix and vagina, usually obtained during routine pelvic examination | Papanicolaou (Pap) test
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| Radiographic examination of the breast to screen for breast cancer | mammography
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| Radiography of the uterus and uterine tubes (oviducts) following injection of a contrast medium | hysterosalpingography
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| US of the pelvic area performed with a probe inserted into the vagina, which provides sharper images of pathological and normal structures within the pelvis | transvaginal ultrasonography
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| Suturing the cervix to prevent it from dilating prematurely during pregnancy, thus decreasing the chance of a spontaneous abortion | cerclage
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| Incision of the abdomen and uterus to remove the fetus; also called C-section | cesarean birth
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| Excision of a cone-shaped piece of tissue, such as mucosa of the cervix, for histological examination | conization
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| Sampling of fetal blood drawn from the umbilical vein and performed under ultrasound guidance | cordocentesis
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| Widening of the cervical canal with a dilator and scraping of the uterine endometrium with a curette | Dilatation and Curettage (D&C
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| Incision of the perineum from the vaginal orifice usually done to prevent tearing of the tissue and to facilitate birth | episiotomy
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| Excision of the uterus | hysterectomy
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| Hysterectomy where the cervix, ovaries, and fallopian tubes remain | subtotal hysterectomy
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| Hysterectomy where the cervix is removed but the ovaries and fallopian tubes remain | total hysterectomy
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| Total (complete) hysterectomy, including uterus, cervix, fallopian tubes, and ovaries | total plus bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy
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| Excision of a small primary breast tumor (a "lump") and some of the normal tissue that surrounds it | lumpectomy
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| Breast enlargement to increase breast size or to replace one that has been surgically removed | breast augmentation
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| Exision of the entire breast | mastectomy
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| Excision of the entire breast, nipple, areola, and the involved overlying skin | total (simple) mastectomy
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| Excision of the entire breast, including the lymph nodes in the underarm (axillary dissection) | modified radical mastectomy
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| Excision of the entire breast, all underarm lymph nodes, and chest wall muscles under the breast | radical mastectomy
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| Surgical creation of a skin flap using skin and fat from the lower half of the abdomen which is passed under the skin to the breast area | transverse rectus abdominis muscle (TRAM) flap
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| Excision of an ovary and fallopian tube | salpingo-oophorectomy
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| Procedure that ties (ligates) the fallopian tubes to prevent pregnancy | tubal ligation
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| Days 1-5 Uterine endometrium sloughs off because of hormonal stimulation | Menstrual
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| Days 6-14 When menstruation ceases, the endometrium begins to thicken as new tissue is rebuilt | Ovulatory
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| Days 15-28 The empty graafian follicle fills with a yellow material and is now called the corpus luteum | Postovulatory
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| Treat vaginal yeast infection by altering the yeast cell membrane or interfering with a metabolic process | antifungals
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| Treat symptoms of menopause (hot flashes, vaginal dryness, fatigue) through hormone replacement therapy (HRT) | estrogens
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| Prevent ovulation | oral contraceptives
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| Induce labor at term by increasing the strength and frequency of uterine contractions | oxytocics
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| Chemically destroy sperm by creating a highly acidic environment in the uterus | spermicides
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| AB; AB; ab | abortion
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| AI | artificial insemination
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| BSE | breast self-examination
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| CA | cancer
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| D&C | dilatation (dilation) and curettage
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| DUB | dysfunctional uterine bleeding
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| GYN | gynecology
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| HRT | hormone replacement therapy
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| HSG | hysterosalpingography
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| HSV | herpes simplex virus
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| IUD | intrauterine device
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| LMP | last menstrual period
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| OCPs | oral contraceptive pills
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| Pap | Papanicolaou (test)
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| PID | pelvic inflammatory disease
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| PMP | previous menstrual period
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| PMS | premenstrual syndrome
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| STD | sexually transmitted disease
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| TAH | total abdominal hysterectomy
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| TAHBSO | total abdominal hysterectomy bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy
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| TRAM | transverse rectus abdominis muscle
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| TVH | total vaginal hysterectomy
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| VD | venereal disease
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| CPD | cephalopelvic disproportion
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| CS, C-section | cesarean section
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| CVS | chorionic villus sampling
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| CWP | childbirth without pain
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| FECG | fetal electrocardiogram
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| FHR | fetal heart rate
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| FHT | fetal heart tone
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| IUGR | intrauterine growth rate; intrauterine growth retardation
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| IVF-ET | in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer
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| LBW | low birth weight
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| NB | newborn
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| OB | obstetrics
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| para 1,2,3 and so on... | unipara, bipara, tripara (number of viable births)
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| UC | uterine contractions
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| Accessory parts of a structure | adnexa
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| Congenital absence or closure of a normal body opening, such as the vagina | atresia
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| Ovarian scar tissue that results from rupturing of a follicle during ovulation | corpus luteum
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| Pregnancy in which the fertilized ovum does not reach the utering cavity but becomes implanted on any tissue other than the lining of uterine cavity | ectopic pregnancy
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| Surgical closure of the vaginal canal | colpocleisis
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