Hypertension
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| What is the DBP parameter for high blood pressure? | above 90mm/Hg
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| What is the parameter for SBP for high blood pressure? | above 140mm/Hg
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| How is blood pressure determined? | by CO,PVR,viscosity of blood and amount of circulating volume
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| What processed control CO and PVR? | nervous system regulation, arterial baroreceptors and chemoreceptors,renin angiotensin aldosterone mechanism,balance of body fluids
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| What is PVR? | the opposition that blood as it flows through the vessels'
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| What factors impair normal regulation of blood pressure? | sympathetic nervous system overstimulation,alterations in baroreceptors and chemoreceptors,increases in hormones that cause sodium retention,changes in kidney function
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| What is primary hypertension? | chronic elevation of blood pressure from an unknown cause
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| What is secondary hypertension? | has a known cause,is a sign of another problem,
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| What happens if secondary hypertension is treated BEFORE permanent structural changes occur? | blood pressure usually returns to normal
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| What is ISH? | isolated hypertension, SBP of 160 mmHg or greater and normal DBP
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| When does ISH occur? | normally in the elderly
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| HOw is ISH treated? | lifestyle modification, and if necessary medication
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| What is the silent killer? | HTN
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| Why is HTN known as the silent killer? | because most persons are asymptomatic
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| What are some symptoms experienced from HTN? | headache, bloody nose,blurred vision
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| What is target organ disease? | long term effects of HTN on large and small vessels of the heart, kidneys, brain and eyes
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| What lab tests are done for dx of HTN? | Electrolytes,CBC, glucose,uric acid,chol and triglyceride
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| What basic dx procedures are done on dx of HTN? | ECG and CXR
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| What are the modifiable risk factors for HTN? | stress, blood glucose,activity levels,smoking, salt and ETOH intake
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| What are the non-modifiable risk factors for HTN? | family hx, age, ethnicity,and DM
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| Why are the economically deprived have increased risk for HTN? | poor nutrition,low status jobs,frustration,discontent,supression of hostility, limited quality healthcare availability,poor living conditions
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| What foods are rich in potassium? | oranges, bananas,broccoli
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| what foods are rich in calcium? | milk,yogurt,spinach
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| What foods are rich in Magnesium? | spinach,garbanzo beans,lima beans
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| In order which types of food are preferable for vegetables? | fresh, frozen then canned
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| Why is smoking a major risk factor? | nicotine constricts the blood vessels
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| What time frame is allowed for modifications to take effect for lifestyle before meds should be introduced? | 6-12 months
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| What medical intervention is recommended for stage 1 or 2 HTN? | diuretics and beta blockers
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| There are 8 categories of medication for HTN name them! | diuretics, alpha blockers,beta blockers,calcium channel blockers,angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE),central agents, peripheral agents and vasodilators
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| What is a significant side effect of HTN meds for men? | impotence
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| What is the most important thing to tell pts with regards to medication compliance? | the pt should be told not to discontinue meds unless an MD or APRN has told them to do so
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| What are the complications of HTN? | CAD,atherosclerosis,MI,CVA,kidney or eye damage
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| What is hypertrophy and where does it occur in HTN? | increased size of tissue, in the left ventricle
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| What do you teach a pt that is going to have a surgical procedure that is currently on HTN meds? | continue the med utnil the time of the procedure unless otherwise directed and resume as soon as possible after the procedure unless told otherwise
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| What is a hypertensive crisis? | severe type of HTN that is rapidly progressive, with DBP >110
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| How soon should one be treated with HTN crisis? | within an hour
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| What are the signs of HTN crisis? | headaches,blurred vision, dizziness, nosebleeds and dyspnea,diminished level of consciousness, weakness,paralysis,palpitations or c/o cp
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