UCI Physio Test 1
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| equation for how fast the membrane potential can change | dV/dt=I/C
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| equation for how much charge needs to be stored in the membrane to maintain a given membrane potential | V=Q/C
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| C is proportional to what | s/d so dV/dt=Id/s
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| V is proportional to what | Qd/s
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| hyperkalemia | high levels of potassium in serum
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| hypokalemia | low levels of potassium in serum
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| nernst equation for potassium | V(k)=(RT/z(k)F)ln(K(o)/K(i))
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| nernst equation in usefull form for all ions | V=(62/z)log(ion(o)/ion(i))
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| what is the current when Vm=Vion | 0
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| electrochemical driving force | V(m)-V(ion)
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| what is G(ion) | conductance of the membrane for that ion G(ion)=NP(o)gamma (N is number of channels, P(o) is the % of channels open, and gamma is the conductance of a single channel
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| I(ion) equation | I(ion)=G(ion)[V(m)-V(ion)] or replace G(ion) with NP(o)Gamma
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| general equation for V(m) | V(m)=[Sum from i to n] G(i)V(i)/[Sum from i to n]G(i)
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| Na/K ATPase pumps what ratio | 3 Na in for 2 K out
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| what sets the V(resting) for potassium | leak channels
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| digoxin and ouabain | cardiac glycosides pump inhibitors and increase heart contractility
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| palytoxin | very toxic; binds to Na/K ATPase pump and locks it allowing free Na K transported
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| halothane and isoflurane | general anesthesia gases that activate K+ leak channels, making neurons less excitable
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| lidocaine and procaine | local anesthetics; block Nav channels
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| propofol (divrivan) | short-acting hypnotic agent blocks Nav channels; used to induce and maintain general anasthesia
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| antiepileptic/anticonvulsant drugs | inhibit Nav channels (phenytoin and carbamazepine)
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| antiarrhythmic drugs | block delayed rectifier Kv channels (Dofetilide)
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| TTX and STX | tetrodotoxin and saxitoxin; paralytic toxins; block Na channels
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| channelopathies | diseases caused by altered fxn of ion channel (genetic or acquired)
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| synaptotagmin | Ca++ sensor that links Ca++ channel activation to vesicle fusion
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| BoNT and TeNT action | cleave the SNARE complex so that vesicle fusion can't occur
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| AchE | degrades Ach
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| drugs that treat dementia in patients with Alzheimer target what | AChE
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| Sarin | nerve gas that inhibits AchE causes paralysis
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| ionotropic | ion channel directly gated by the ligand neurotransmitter
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| metabotropic | receptor that, upon neurotransmitter binding, initiates an intracellular signaling cascade
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| nicotinic AchR | postsynaptic receptor at NMJ; made of 5 subunits- 2 alpha, beta, gamma, delta; both alpha sites must be bound for opening
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| reverse potential equation for the ESPS | V(esps)=((Gamma(Na)/Gamma(K))V(Na) + V(K))/((Gamma(Na))/(Gamma(K))+1)
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| equation for Gamma Na/Gamma K | GammaNa/GammaK=(Vepsp-Vk)/(Vna-Vepsp)
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| MEPP | miniature end plate potential which occur randomly
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| probablility of NMJ firing from one AP | 100%
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| probability of CNS firing from one AP | low
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| curare | non-depolarizing muscle relaxant that blocks nAChR
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| myasthenia gravis | autoimmune disorder from antibodies that block nAChRs; treated with AchE inhibitors
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| type I CNS synapses | glutamatergic (excitatory)
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| type II CNS synapses | GABA (inhibitory)
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