Notes and Information for the third exam
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| Meteorologists have been using satellite imagery since... | 1960
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| What are the two types of satellites that meteorologists use? | Geostationary and Polar orbiting satellites.
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| Where are Geostationary satellites located? | above the equator
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| Why is it called a "Geostationary" satellite? | the satellite's speed equals the earth's speed so it is fixed, or stationary, on the earth.
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| What do Polar Orbiting satellites do? | They orbit the earth, moving from pole to pole every 100 minutes.
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| What are the three types of imagery? | Visible, Infared, and Water Vapor
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| What does Visible Imagery measure? | Reflected visible light
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| Visible imagery provides insight into... | the depth of a cloud.
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| What are some problems associated with Visible imagery? | Nighttime, only able to see uppermost layer, and difficulty differentiating clouds with snow.
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| What does In-fared imagery measure? | In-fared energy.
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| In-fared imagery provides insight into... | cloud temperature.
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| What is special about the way we view in-fared imagery? | we view the negatives so that the cold spots show up brighter.
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| What does water vapor imagery measure? | ..... water vapor.
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| Where does water vapor imagery detect? | in the mid to upper troposphere.
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| Will water vapor appear brighter or darker on a water vapor imagery picture? | brighter.
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| What is the informal definition of air pressure? | weight of air above a location.
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| What is the formal definition of air pressure? | force per unit area exerted by air molecules.
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| Pressure always _________ with height. | decreases.
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| What are two types of barometers? | mercury and aneroid.
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| How does an aneroid barometer work? | it measures the change in shape of an aneroid cell.
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| Why is a mercury barometer better than an water barometer? | your barometer would need to be over three feet tall if you wanted to measure pressure changes with water.
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| 1 mb equals how many Pa? | 100.
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| What is air pressure dependent upon? | H2O vapor, altitude, and density.
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| What is air density? | the mass of air molecules with in a volume.
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| The equation to determine pressure is... | P=density x temp (K) x 287
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| What is the average pressure lapse rate? | 10 mb per 100 meters
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| What is wind? | air movement caused by horizontal differences in air pressure (pressure gradients)
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| What is an anemometer? | an instrument for measuring wind speed
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| What is a wind vane? | an instrument for determining wind direction.
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| What is an aerovane? | an anemometer and a wind vane combined into one instrument.
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| What are the three forces that determine wind direction? | Pressure gradient force (PGF), Coriolis force, and Friction.
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| What does the Pressure Gradient Force (PGF!) do? | It pushes air from higher to lower pressure and causes initial movement.
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| What does it mean if isobars are close together? | It means that the wind will be stronger because the PGF is greater.
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| What is the coriolis force? | it is an apparent force caused by the rotation of spherical earth.
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| Does the coriolis force affect wind direction? | Nope.
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| What direction does the coriolis force push air? | 90 degrees to the right of motion in the northern hemisphere, and vise versa in the southern hemisphere.
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| The effects of friction __________ with height. | Decreases.
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| The effects of friction are negligible at what height? | 2000 ft and above.
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| What is the boundary layer wind? | Look this up.
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| Clockwise around... | highs
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| counterclockwise around... | lows
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| Horizontal winds will induce.. | vertical air movement.
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| What do upper air maps show? | How geopotential heights vary
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| What is a geopotential height? | the height above sea level at which a particular pressure is found
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| the geopotential height is lower when the air is... | colder.
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| Upper winds are ___________ | geostrophic
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| What are geostrophic winds? | look this up.
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| what is Zonal Flow? | West to east flow across country -- No big troughs or ridges (boring.)
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| what is Meridional flow? | Big meandering troughs and ridges.
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| What are Jet streams? | ribbons of fast moving winds located at the 200-300 mb level.
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| What are the two jet streams? | Polar jet and subtropical jet.
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| Where are the jet streams located? | above large temperature gradients.
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| What is an air mass? | large body of air with similar temperature and moisture characteristics.
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| In meteorology, air masses are represented with... | High pressure
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| What is a source region? | A region where an air mass acquires its specific characteristics.
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| What are the four source region requirements? | 1. Span a large (500-2000 mi) area.
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| Where does a Polar (P) air mass form? | in a high latitude
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| Where does a Tropical (T) air mass form? | in a low latitude.
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| Where does a continental (c) air mass form? | over land.
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| Where does a Maritime (m) air mass form? | over water.
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| What does cP mean? | Cool and dry air mass.
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| What does cT mean? | Dry and warm air mass.
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| What does mP mean? | moist and cool air mass.
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| What does mT mean? | moist and warm air mass.
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