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| Fibrillations | DJD deep cleft
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| Eburnation | DJD total loss of cartilage
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| Subchondral Cysts | DJD destruction of bone beneath cartilage
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| Osteophytes | DJD bony outgrowths that limit motion if they come in contact with one another
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| Pannus | RA inflammatory synovium with proliferation that encroaches on the articular cartilage and erodes it
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| ankylosis | RA when the joint space is obliterated and the bones fuse
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| main areas affected by DJD | hip, knee, vertebra, hands
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| Main area affected by RA | many tissue as it is a chronic systemic inflammation but mostly the joints
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| cartilage ECM is made of | Type II and aggregans
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| how do you degeneration of the cartilage | loss of aggregans greater than synth
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| ADAMST5 | Protease that degrades Agglacans and erodes cartilage in response to cytokine stimulation
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| Gout | monosodium nitrate
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| Pseudogout | Calcium Phosphate dihydrate
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| Osteomalasia | Defect in bone mineralization (Adults undermineralize Children - abnormal growth Rickets) usually nutritional or abnormal Vit D production
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| Osteoporosis | Net rate of absorption exceeds rate of formation NORMAL MINERALIZATION degeneration of architecture
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| Osteopenia | Decreased Bone Mass
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| Degenerative Disk Disease | the annulus weakens and the nucleus pulpusus desiccates compressing the sciatica
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| when is annular fissure seen | in up to 30% of normals
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| what determines the amout of osteoclastogenesis | the amount of RANKL and Osteoprotegerin
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| RANKL Does? | binds to RANK resulting in osteoclasts
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| Osteoprotegerin does ? | also made by osteoblasts it binds RANKL and prevents it from binding to RANK
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| types of osteoporosis | I II and Idiopathic
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| Type 1 osteo | usually post menopausal women with loss of estrogen or testosterone more response and recruitment of osteoclasts and damage to the trabecular bone
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| Type II osteo | normal with agin in men and women fewer osteoblast result in trabecular and cortical loss of bone
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| cordoroy vertebrae | when you have advanced osteoporosis you lose horizontal trabeculae and the verticals thicken
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| wedging | when the anterior portion of the vertebrae is lost more than the post can result in kyphosis
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| Bone densometry | bone mineral density or bone mineral content per area
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| DXA | dual X ray absorbitry to measure bone density
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| bisphosphatate | stops osteoclasts by binding to a crystal
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| calcitonin | reduced reabsorption of the bone
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| Padget's | osteitis deformans - destruction of bone with formation of new bone forming mosaic pattern (resorption and formatino)
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| bones involved in Padgets | pelvis, skull, femur, spine, tibia
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| what happens to the cortex in padget's disease | thickened but not strengthened
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| Severe deformity in weight bearing bones that appears after 40 | Padgets
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| Stages of Padgets | Osteolytic, Osteoclastic/blastic, Osteosclerotic
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| symptoms of Padgets | most are asymptomatic
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| Complications of Padgets | 1) fractures, Hemodynamic changes, Sarcoma (more aggressive than normal) in 1%
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| what is Osteopetrosis | defective Osteoclast
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| Osteonecrosis | Infarct of the bone usually in the head of the femur that leads to subchondral fracture (collapse of the cartilage over it)
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| what does the body do with osteonecrosis | tries to repair but never gets the contour right but can relieve symptoms
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| what is elevated with Padgets | serum alkaline phasphatase
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| is padgets inherited | yes
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| Osteomyelitis | inflammation of the bone and marrow usually pyogenic (s. aureus) and mycobacteria
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| what percent of Osteonecrosis is bilateral | 40-80%
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| Complete fracture | entire width of the bone
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| Closed fracture | skin over bone is intact
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| Compound fracture | Fractured bone pierces the skin
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| Comminuted | broken bone in a number of pieces
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| Displaced | two bone ends are separated from one another
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| Stress fracture | Accumulation of stress induced microfractures that eventually result in a true one
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| Greenstick Fractures | only one side breaks and the bone bends (in children with flexible bones)
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| compression fraction | push into each other vertically
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| spiral fracture | twists from skiing
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| Fibrous cortical defect | NOT a neoplasm found in 20-50 percent of normal kids if it becomes large it can lead to fractures will go away by the time they are teenagers
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| most common skeletal malignancy | metastasis
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| radiology of a malignant bone neoplasm | benign - slcerotic rim of reactive bone around periphery Malignant fast growth with no layer of reactive bone and often destroys all the way through the cortex
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| treatment for bone cancer | radiation and chemo most live more than 5 years
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| most common primary malignant neoplasm | osteosarcomma
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| osteosarcoma | most common in young men
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| cartilaginous tumor | malignant - chondrosarcoma
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| Ewing's sarcomma | common in the young almost all have translocation(11;22)
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| Ewig's sarcomma is also known as? | primitive neuroectodermal tumor
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