Selected pharmacology
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Medications causing hypothyroidism | lithium, sulfonamides, amiodarone
🗑
|
||||
| Bisphosphonates? | alendronate, risedronate, Etidronate
🗑
|
||||
| Demeclocycline | Rx of SIADH in addition to water restriction; synthetic tetracycline)
🗑
|
||||
| Fomepizole? | Rx of methanole and ethylene glycol toxocity (+ thiamine and folate)
🗑
|
||||
| Pralidoxime | Induces cholinestrase activity in cholinergics toxicity (used with atropin that competes with acethylcholine on muscarinic receptors)
🗑
|
||||
| Antibiotics that inhibits cell wall synthesis: | β lactam PCNs (e.g. amoxicillin), cephalosporins, carbapenems
🗑
|
||||
| Antibiotics that inhibit protein synthesis: | Tetracycline, Lincosamides (Lincomycin, clindamycin), Macrolides, Aminoglycosides, linezolid
🗑
|
||||
| Mechanism of action of Tetracyclines: | inhibit protein synthesis (prevents tRNA binding to ribosomes)
🗑
|
||||
| Mechanism of action of Macrolides: | inhibit protein synthesis (binds 50S ribosome)
🗑
|
||||
| Mechanism of action of Aminoglycosides: | Inhibit protein synthesis
🗑
|
||||
| Mechanism of action of Quinolones: | inhibit DNA gyrase
🗑
|
||||
| Mechanism of action of Cyclic peptides (vancomycin): | inhibit G- cell wall synthesis
🗑
|
||||
| Mechanism of action of Lincosamides (clindamycin): | inhibit protein synthesis (binds 50S ribosome)
🗑
|
||||
| Mechanism of action of Oxazolidinoes (linezolid): | inhibit protein synthesis (translation stage)
🗑
|
||||
| Mechanism of action of Sulfa antibiotics (sulfisoxazole): | inhibit folate synthesis
🗑
|
||||
| Bactriostatic agents | tetracyclines, sulphonamides, spectinomycin, trimethoprim, chloramphenicol, macrolides (erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin), lincosamides (lincomycin, clindamycin)
🗑
|
||||
| ACE inhibitors: | Captopril, enalapril, lisinopril, Ramipril
🗑
|
||||
| Ca channel blockers; examples and choice | diltiazem or verapamil for SVT; others: amlodipine, nifedipine
🗑
|
||||
| AV node blockers: | Ca Channel Blockers; β blockers; and digoxin. Adenosine (rapid short acting: 6 mg / 12 mg / 12 mg)
🗑
|
||||
| Sertraline | (SSRI) CVA, depression, choice for old age (like TCA: nortriptyline)
🗑
|
||||
| Ramipril (ACE inhibitor) | CHF with cough
🗑
|
||||
| Amiodarone side effects | Pulmonary fibrosis (most concern; in 10% up to 17%); QT prolongation and Torsades De Pointes; Skin discoloration; hypthyroidism, hepatitis
🗑
|
||||
| Dubotamine versus Dopamine | Dubotamine: β agonist, inotrope and chronotrope and lowers after-load so improving end-organ perfusion; Dopamine in low doses (< 7.5 microg/min) is vasoconstrictor so increasing afterload
🗑
|
||||
| Endocarditis | Ampi genta; Vancomycin for MRSA
🗑
|
||||
| Prophylaxis: CHF and valvular diseases | Amoxi: 50 mg/kg (2 g in adults) 1 hr before procedure: allergic: clindamycin 20 mg/kg (adults 600 mg); no need if Isolated ostium secundum ASD, 6 months after repair and MVP without MR
🗑
|
||||
| Prophylaxis: malaria | cholorquine for area like Paraguay; atovacuone & proguanil for Brazil; doxycycline for cholorquine resistant areas
🗑
|
||||
| Prophylaxis: meningitis | household and close contacts of H. influenzae and N. meningitidis; children: rifampin 10-20 mg/kg/d (max 1200) po q12h X2d; adults: cipro 500 mg po X1 OR ceftriaxone 250 mg im X1 (also in pregnancy) OR rifampin 600 mg po q12h X2d
🗑
|
||||
| Systemic mycosis (e.g. coccidioidomycosis) | Amphotericin B
🗑
|
||||
| Chancroid (Haemophilus ducreyi): | Cipro, macrolides or sulphamethoxazole-trimethoprim; treat all partneres
🗑
|
||||
| Rx; Psittacosis/leptospirosis: | Tetracycline
🗑
|
||||
| Scabies | permethrin 5% cream overnight for 7 days
🗑
|
||||
| Lice | permethrin 1% cream single use and repeat in a week if necessary
🗑
|
||||
| toxoplasmosis | Medications for immuno competent adults include pyrimethamine plus sulfadiazine. In pregnancy, spiramycin is usually given
🗑
|
||||
| Some specific uses of TCAs | Clomipramine (OCD); nortriptyline (elderly depressed patients); amitriptyline (chronic pain)
🗑
|
||||
| Bethanecole indication | to reduce peripheral anticholinergic effects of some psychotropic medications (like urinary retention
🗑
|
||||
| Rx; Hyperkinetic syndrome | methylphenidate
🗑
|
||||
| Bromocriptine indications; major side effect? | Dopamine agonist: Paarkinsonism, Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome and prolactinoma (if pregnancy desired); S/E: pulmonary fibrosis (like amiodarone)
🗑
|
||||
| Octreotide, action, indications? | somatostatin agonist; o Acromegaly; sulfonylurea and other hypoglycemic agents toxicity; variceal bleeding if not responsive to EHT and vasopressors
🗑
|
||||
| Clozapine (atypical): | choice in parkinsonism when hallucinations is developed; (remember myocarditis and BM suppression, need for weekly follow up)
🗑
|
||||
| Side effect, Naproxen (NSAID): | Increase BUN & Cr
🗑
|
||||
| Side effect, Metformin (Diabetes Type II): | Lactic acidosis
🗑
|
||||
| Side effect, Colchicine (uricosuric): | Marrow depression (also with clozapine: TCA), peripheral neuritis (also with INH)
🗑
|
||||
| Side effect, Enalapril (ACE inhibitor, anti hypertensive): | Angioedema, anaphylaxis, hypotension, neutropenia; dry cough
🗑
|
||||
| Side effect, Propylthiouracil & methimazole (hyperthyroidism): | reversible agranulocytosis, cholestasis
🗑
|
||||
| Side effect, Ampicillin and other PCNs: | Rash (especially if given for infectious mono)
🗑
|
||||
| Side effect, Alprazolam (Short acting benzodiazepine): | Cognitive disorders: confusion, disinhibition, amnesia
🗑
|
||||
| Side effect, Trazodone (antidepressant): | priapism and mania; also with Prazocin (Antihypertensive)
🗑
|
||||
| Side effect, Prazocin (Antihypertensive): | priapism, also with trazodone (antidepressant)
🗑
|
||||
| Side effect, Cyclophosphamide (anti-neoplastic): | hemorrhagic cystitis (to prevent give MESNA)
🗑
|
||||
| Ifosfamide (anti-neoplastic): | hemorrhagic cystitis
🗑
|
||||
| Side effect, Imiperamine (TCA, antidepressant): | Blurred vision, dry mouth, orthostatic hypotension
🗑
|
||||
| Clinical point, Nortriptyline (TCA) | choice in elderlies but avoid in patients with suicidal thoughts
🗑
|
||||
| Clinical point, Sildenafil (Viagra): | contraindicated with nitrates (severe hypotension)
🗑
|
||||
| Side effect, Zidovudine (Anti HIV): | myopathy
🗑
|
||||
| Side effect, Clozapine (atypical antipsychotic): | myocarditis; Bone marrow suppression (also with colchicine); Weekly follow up is essential
🗑
|
||||
| Clinical point, Clonidine (antihypertensive): | Rebound HTN if stopped abruptly
🗑
|
||||
| Hydralazine (antihypertensive): | Lupus like synd
🗑
|
||||
| Spironolactone (K+ sparing diuretic): | gynecomastia
🗑
|
||||
| Sulfonamides, antimalarias and foodstuff: | G6PD hemolysis
🗑
|
||||
| Neuroleptic induced acute dystonia: | Antipsychotic medications especially typical ones (Haloperidol )
🗑
|
||||
| Antipsychotics and pitutary gland? | Antipsychotic induced hyperprolactinemia (infertility, amenorrhea, sexual dysfunction, galactorrhea and weight gain.
🗑
|
||||
| Medications causing Depression: | Anti-HTN, Anti-Parkinsonism, Hormones, Steroids, Anti-TB, Anti-Neoplastic
🗑
|
||||
| Medications that cause Mania: | Steroids, Imiperamine (TCA), phenelzine (MAOi), trazodone (TCA), methylphenidate (CNS stimulant; indications: ADHD and narcolepsy), levodopa (dopamine precursor)
🗑
|
||||
| Side effect, Gold salts for RA: | proteinuria and ascites
🗑
|
||||
| Side effect, Phenelzine: | (all MOAI: antidepressant and prophylaxis of migraine) contraindicated with tyramine rich foods (cheese)
🗑
|
||||
| Side effect, Clomiphene (induces ovulation): | Ovarian cyst
🗑
|
||||
| Side effect, Phenytoin: | bidirectional horizontal nystagmus
🗑
|
||||
| Side effect, Lamotrigine (adjunct therapy for refractive seizures): | rash and even Stevens-Johnson synd
🗑
|
||||
| Side effect, Valproate: | hepatotoxicity and thrombocytopenia; in pregnancy may cause NTD (like carbamazepine)
🗑
|
||||
| Side effect, Carbamazepine: | Trigeminal neuralgia (tic douloureux) and glossopharyngeal neuralgia; in pregnancy may cause NTD (like valproate)
🗑
|
||||
| Treatment of Dermatitis herpetiformis: | dapsone/gluten free diet
🗑
|
||||
| Side effect, clindamycin: | pseudo-membranous colitis (by C. difficile) treat with metronidazole and vancomycin
🗑
|
||||
| Side effect, Amantadine: | Depression, postural hypotension and arrhythmias
🗑
|
||||
| Side effect, Amiodarone: | pulmonary fibrosis (also with bromocriptine), skin discoloration, hypothyroidism, hepatitis
🗑
|
||||
| Side effect, Al Hydroxide: | hypophosphatemia
🗑
|
||||
| Side effect, Calcium carbonate: | constipation and if with excess antiacids: Milk Alkali syndrome
🗑
|
||||
| Side effect, Rifampin: | red urine and increase hepatic clearance of medications
🗑
|
||||
| Side effect, Ethambutol: | optic neuritis
🗑
|
||||
| Side effect, Isoniazid: | Hepatitis (age dependent) and peripheral neuritis (also with colchicine)
🗑
|
||||
| Common side effect of ACEi: | cough, switch to ARBs if necessary
🗑
|
||||
| Antibiotics contraindicated in pregnancy? | SAFE Moms Take Really Good Care: Sulfonamides; Aminoglycosides; FQs; Erythromycin; Metronidazole, Tetracyclines; Ribavirin; Griseofulvin; Chloramphenicol; Also: ofloxacin
🗑
|
||||
| Safe Antibiotics in pregnancy: | ampicillin, cephalosporins, azithromycin from macrolides,
🗑
|
||||
| Pregnancy and Sulfonamides: | in last trimester increase risk of kernicterus (sulfa containing drugs: sulfamethoxazole, thiazide diuretics, sulfasalazine and sulfonylureas
🗑
|
||||
| Pregnancy and Aminoglycosides: | ototoxicity (Eight cranial nerve damage, specially with streptomycin)
🗑
|
||||
| Pregnancy and Fluoroquinolones (levofloxacin): | arthropathies, cartilage damage
🗑
|
||||
| Pregnancy and Erythromycin (estolate): | acute cholestatic hepatitis in mom; clarithromycin: embryotoxic (azithromycin is safe); erythromycin base and ethylsuccinate are safe (chlamydia, LGV)
🗑
|
||||
| Pregnancy and Metronidazole: | Mutagenesis (risk in T1), indicated in trichomoniasis
🗑
|
||||
| Pregnancy and Tetracyclines: | Discolored teeth and inhibition of bone growth
🗑
|
||||
| Pregnancy and Ribavirin: | Teratogenic
🗑
|
||||
| Pregnancy and Griseofulvin: | Teratogenic
🗑
|
||||
| Pregnancy (and lactation) and Chloramphenicol: | Gray baby (fetal circulatory collapse 2° to toxic accumulations)
🗑
|
||||
| Pregnancy and anti convulsants | o phenytoin associated with fetal hydantoin syndrome in 5-10% (IUGR, MR, facial dysmorphogenesis, congenital anomalies); valporate (and may be carbamazepine) associated with NTD
🗑
|
||||
| Pregnancy and ACE inhibitors | fetal renal defects, IUGR, oligohydramnios; (use methyldopa or labetalol only if diastolic pressure consistently over 100)
🗑
|
||||
| Some other medications contraindicated in pregnancy | Beta blockers (except labetolol), Methimazole (use PTU), misoprostol
🗑
|
||||
| Pregnancy and lithium or benzodiazepines | Ebstein cardiac anomaly, goiter, hyponatremia
🗑
|
||||
| Warfarin and pregnancy | spontaneous abortion, stillbirth, prematurity, IUGR; o fetal warfarin syndrome (nasal hypoplasia, epiphyseal stippling, optic atrophy, MR, intracranial hemorrhage)
🗑
|
||||
| retinoids (vit A; e.g. Accutane™) and pregnancy | CNS, craniofacial, cardiovascular, and thymic anomalies
🗑
|
||||
| Contraindication for Celestone (betamethasone) in pregnancy: | active TB, viral keratitis and maternal DM
🗑
|
||||
| Misoprostol | Synthetic prostaglandin E1 analog that inhibits gastric acid secretion and exerts mucosal-protective properties (using NSAIDS); also indicated in termination of pregnancy
🗑
|
||||
| Medications that may cause hepatitis | acetaminophen, chlorpromazine, INH (+ peripheral neuritis), valproate (+ thrombocytopenia), methotrexate, amiodarone (+ pulmonary fibrosis + hypothyroidism + skin discoloration), herbs, some antibiotics (sulfa, tetracyclines)
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
Bijan39
Popular Medical sets