ch8 med term
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| hypothalamus | a part of the brain located below the thalamus that controls many functions, such as body tempurtaure,slep and appetite
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| hyperkinesis | excessive muscluar movement and physical activity, hyperactivity
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| hyperesthesia | excessive sensitivity to sensory stimuli;such as pain or touch
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| herpes zoster | an acute infection casued by the same virus that casues chickenox, characterized by painful vesicaular lesions along the path of a spinal nerve
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| hemiplegia | paralysis of one half of the body
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| hemiparsels | slight or parital paralysis of one half of the body
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| gyrus | one of the many elevated folds of the surface of the cerebrum
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| neurologist | a physicain who specializes in treating the diseases and disorders of the nervous system
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| neuroglia | the supporting tissue of the nervous system
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| neuritis | inflammation of a nerve
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| neuralgia | servere, sharp,spasmlike pain that extends along the course of one or more nerves
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| nerve block | the injection of a local anesthetic along the course of a nerve or nerves to eliminate sensation to the area supplied by the nerve
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| nerve | a cordlike bundle of nerve fibers that transmit impulses to and from the brian and spinal cord to the other parts of the body
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| naracolepsy | uncontrolled, sudden attacks of sleep
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| myelin sheath | a protective sheath of nerve fibers that transmit impulses to and from the brain and spinal cord to other parts of the body
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| motor nerves | transmitters of nerve impulses away from the CNS
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| midbrain | the uppermost part of the brain stem
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| microglia | small neuroglial cells found in the interstital tissue of the nervous system that engulf celluar debris, wastes products, and pathogens within the nerve tissue
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| meninges | the three layers of protective membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord
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| neurology | the study of the nervous system and its disorders
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| neuron | a nerve cell
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| neurosurgeon | ap hysicain who specializes in surgery of the nervous system
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| neurosugery | any suergery involving the nervos system
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| neurotrasmitter | a chemical substance within the body that activates or inhibits the transmission of nerve impulses at synapses
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| occlusion | blockage
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| oligodendrocyte | a type of neuroglial cell found in the interstitial tissue of the nervous system
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| palliative | soothing
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| paraplegia | paralysis of the lower extremities and trunk, usually due to spinal cord injuries
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| parasympathetic nerves | nerves of the ANS that regulate essential involuntary body functions such as slowing the heart rate, increasing peristalsis of the intestines, increasing glanduluar secreations and relaxing sphincters
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| parasympathomimetic | copying or producing the same effects as those of the parasympathetic nerves
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| paresthesia | a sensation of numbness or tingling
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| peripheral nervous system | the part of the nervous system oustide the CNS, consisting of 12 pairs of cranial nerves and 31 pairs of spinal nerves
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| shunt | a tube or passage that diverts or redirects body fluid from one cavity or vessel to another
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| shingles | an acute infection casued by the same virus that casues chickenox, characterized by painful vesicaular lesions along the path of a spinal nerve
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| sensory nerves | transmitters of nerve impluses toward the CNS
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| sensory | pertaining to sensation
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| sciatica | inflammation of the sciatic nerve
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| rhizotomy | the surgical resection of a spinal nerbe root
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| receptor | a sensory nerve ending
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| radiculotomy | the surgical resection of a spinal nerve root
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| quadriplegia | paralysis of all four extremities and the trunk of the body; caused by injury to the spinal cord at the level of teh cervical vertebra
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| pons | the part of the brain located between the medula oblongata and the midbrain
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| plexus | a network of interwoven nerves
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| pineal gland | a small cone-shaped structre thought to be invloved in regulating the body's biological clock and that produces melatonin
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| pineal body | a small cone-shaped structre thought to be invloved in regulating the body's biological clock and that produces melatonin
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| pia meter | the innermost of the three membrane surrounding the brian and spinal cord
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| phagocytosis | the process by which certain cells engulf and destroy microorganisms and cellular debris
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| white matter | the part of the nervous system consisting of axons covered with myelin sheath, givinga white apperance
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| whiplash | an injury to the cervical vertebra and their supporting structures due to a sudden back-and-forth jerking movment of the head and neck
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| ventricle, brain | a small hollow within the brain that is filled with cerebrospinal fluid
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| tonic-clonic seizure | a seizure characterized by the presence of muscle contraction ot tension followed by relaxation,creating a "jerking" movment of the body
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| thrombosis | an abnomral condition in which a clot develops in a blood vessel
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| thalamus | the part of thebrain located between the cerebral hemispheres and the midbrain
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| syncope | fainting
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| synapse | the space between the end of one nerve and the beginning of another, through which nevre impulses are transmitted
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| symapathomimetic | copying or producing the smae effects as those of the sympatheic nerves
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| sympatheic nerves | nerves of the ANS that regulate essential invlountary body functions such as increasing the heart rate, conscrting blood vessels and raising blood pressure
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| sulcus | a depression or shallow groove on the surface of an organ
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| subdural space | the space located just under the arachoid membrane that contians CSF
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| stupor | a state of lethargy
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| stimulus | any agent or factor capable of intiating a nerve impulse
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| somatic nervous system | the part of the PNS that provides voluntary control over skeletal muscle contractions
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