Vocabulary, structure and function of Organic Molecules
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| What important organic molecule is made up of a glycerol back bone and three fatty acid chains? | Lipids
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| What is the ratio of carbon:hydrogen:oxygen in carbohydrates? | 1:2:1
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| What is the monomer(s) of carbohydrates? | Simple sugars or monosaccharides
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| Sucrose is an example of... | a disaccharide (2 monomers bonded together)
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| Glycogen and starch are two examples of a.... | polysaccharide
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| What is a role or function of lipids in organisms? | cell membranes, long term energy storage, steroid hormones, myelin sheeth on nerve cells
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| These organic molecules are the monomers of nucleic acids (DNA & RNA). | nucleotides
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| Organic Compound | compound a part of a living organism made of central carbon elements, hydrogen and usually oxygen.
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| What is a monomer of proteins? | amino acids
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| This polysaccharide makes up the exoskeleton of insects. | Chitin (pronounced kite-in)
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| This polysaccharide makes up the cell wall of plants and fungi. | Cellulose
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| Name a role of carbohydrates in living things. | Quick energy, cell wall (structural), exoskeleton, starches in plants and animals.
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| Fatty acids are hydrophobic. What does this mean? | They repel water.
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| What is an element? | Simplest form of all matter. Cannot be broken down any further.
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| What is an atom? | The smallest form of any element made up of a nucleus, protons, electrons and nuetrons.
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| What is a compound? | Two or more elements (or atoms) that are chemically bonded together.
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| What are some functions of proteins? | Regulation and control of body systems or chemical reactions(enzymes and some hormones), muscle cells, fight diseases
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| What are the functions of nucleic acids? | Make up DNA and RNA. Carry instructions for cell functions, traits, and making of proteins and enzymes.
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| A protien that speeds up or slows down a chemical reaction. | Enzyme
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| A chemical agent (enzyme) that changes the rate of a chemical reaction without being affected. | Catalyst
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| The area of an enzyme that binds the substrate. | Active Site
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| The bonding together of two molecules resulting in the formation of a molecule of water. | Dehydration synthesis
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| A chemical process that lysis, or splits, molecules by the addition of water. Essential in digestion. | Hydrolysis
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| The reactant that an enzyme works on. For example, complex carbohydrates are the reactants broken down by the enzyme amylase. | Substrate
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| Organic molecules that help in the chemical activity of an enzyme. Most vitamins, for example. | Coenzyme
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| When the enzyme binds the substrate. | Substrate Enzyme Complex
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