Urinary System
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| What does the urinary system consist of? | kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra
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| Where are the kidneys located? | between T12 & L3 vertebrae towards the back of the body; the right kidney is slightly lower than the lef
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| What is the concave (medial) portion of the kidney called? What is attached here? | the concave portion is the hilus; the renal vein, renal artery, ureter, nerve, and lymphatics attach here
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| What are the 2 layers of the kidney? | the outer layer is the fibrous renal capsule; the next layer is the adipose renal capsule
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| What are the inner and outer portions of the kidney called? | outer is the cortex; inner is the medulla
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| Where are the adrenal glands located? What is their function? | the adrenal glands are on the superior pole of the kidneys; they are endocrine glands that secrete hormones
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| What is the blood supply of the kidney? | aorta -> renal artery -> afferent arteriole -> glomerulus -> efferent arterioles -> peritubular capillaries and vasa recta -> renal vein -> IVC
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| What is special about the blood supply of the kidney? | It is the only organ in the body where arteries enter and leave (afferent & efferent)
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| What does urine contain? (i.e. what do the kidneys eliminate?) | urea, uric acid, ammonia, creatinine
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| What doesn't pass through the filtration membrane? | large proteins
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| What is another name for urination? | micturition
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| What is the basic functional unit of the kidney? how many exist per kidney? | nephron; 1 million
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| What are the parts of the nephron? | glomerulus, proximal convulted tube (PCT), loop of Henle, collecting duct
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| What is the glomerulus? what is it's function? | consists of a tuft of capillaries, surrounded by the Bowman's capsule; fxn - filters blood
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| What is the renal corpuscle? | consists of the glomerulus and the Bowman's capsule
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| What is the function of the proximal convuluted tuber? | reabsorption of 95% of filtered water; reabsorbs all glucose & amino acids; some sodium, potassium and hydrogen ions
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| What are the components of the loop of Henle? | descending LOH, ascending LOH, distal convulted tube (DCT)
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| What are the functions of the distal convulted tube? | to concentrate urine; secretion of potassium, urea, uric acid, drugs; reabsorbs water under the influes of ADH; reabsorption of sodium & water under the influence of aldosterone
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| What is ADH? | anti-diuretic hormone; influences the DCT to reabsorb water
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| How many nephrons per collecting duct? | 8-10 nephrons empty their contents into each collecting duct
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| Track urine from the collecting duct to exit from the body: | collecting duct -> renal papillae -> minor calyces (8-10) -> major calyces (2-3)-> renal pelvis -> ureter -> urinary bladder
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