Antihypertensives
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| Hemodynamic Regulation: Autonomic Nervous System - Sympathetics | inc HR, inc myocardial contractility, vasoconstriction
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| Hemodynamic Regulation: Autonomic Nervous System - Parasympathetics | dec HR, dec myocardial contractility, vasodilation
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| Hemodynamic Regulation: Renal System - RAAS | Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system: inc renal blood flow dec RAAS; dec renal blood flow, dec renal arteriole pressure & inc SNS inc RAAS;
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| Hemodynamic Regulation: Renal System - Angiotensin II | causes vasoconstriction
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| Hemodynamic Regulation: Renal System - Aldosterone | causes Na/H2O retention
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| Hemodynamic Regulation: Local Vasodilators | Nitric Oxide and Prostaglandins
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| Hemodynamic Regulation: Local Vasoconstrictor | Endothelin-I
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| Definition of HTN | SBP >140mmHg or DBP >90; or currently on antihypertensive medication
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| Complications of HTN | heart failure, angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, stroke/transient ischemic attack, nephropathy, peripheral arterial disease, retinopathy
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| Determining etiology of HTN | Essential/primary (85-90% w/unknown cause); Secondary (chronic kidney disease, pheochromocytoma, renovascular hypertension, Cushings syndrome, primary aldosteronism, thyroid and parathyroid disease, drug-induced) --> treat the underlying conditions first
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| Goal of HTN drug therapy | ultimately to reduce CV morbidity and mortality; BP: <140/90 (for DM and CKD: <130/80)
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| Selection of the appropriate HTN therapy | lifestyle modifications (dec wt, dec alcohol intake, inc phys activity, dec Na intake, maintain K, Ca, Mg intake, dec sat fats/chol, stop smoking) and pharmacological (diuretics, ACE-i, ARBs, CCBs, b- & a-blocks, central a2agonists, adrenergic inhib)
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| Chlorothiazide (Diuril) | anti-HTN, thiazide diuretic, *the only IV thiazide available*
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| Hydrochlorothiazide (microzide, hydroDIURIL) | anti-HTN; thiazide diuretic
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| Polythiazide (renese) | anti-HTN, thiazide diuretic
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| Indapamide (lozol) | anti-HTN; thiazide diuretic
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| Metolazone (mykrox, zaroxolyn) | anti-HTN, thiazide diuretic
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| Bumetanide (bumex) | anti-HTN; loop diuretic; IV and PO
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| Furosemide (lasix) | anti-HTN; loop diuretic; IV and PO
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| Torsemide (demadex) | anti-HTN; loop diuretic; IV and PO
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| Ethacrynic acid (edecrin) | anti-HTN; loop diuretic
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| Amiloride (midamor) | anti-HTN; K-sparing diuretic
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| Triamterene (dyrenium) | anti-HTN; K-sparing diuretic
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| Benazepril (lotensin) | anti-HTN; ACE-i
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| Captopril (capoten) | anti-HTN; ACE-i
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| Enalapril (vasotec) | anti-HTN; ACE-i; IV formulation is enalaprilat
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| Fosinopril (monopril) | anti-HTN; ACE-i
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| Lisinopril (prinivil, zestril) | anti-HTN; ACE-i
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| Moexipril (univasc) | anti-HTN; ACE-i
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| Peridopril (aceon) | anti-HTN; ACE-i
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| Quinapril (accupril) | anti-HTN; ACE-i
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| Ramipril (altace) | anti-HTN; ACE-i
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| Trandolapril (mavik) | anti-HTN; ACE-i
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| Candesartan (atacand) | anti-HTN; ARB
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| Eprosartan (teveten) | anti-HTN; ARB
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| Irbesartan (avapro) | anti-HTN; ARB
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| Losartan (cozaar) | anti-HTN; ARB
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| Olmesartan (benicar) | anti-HTN; ARB
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| Telmisartan (micardis) | anti-HTN; ARB
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| Valsartan (diovan) | anti-HTN; ARB
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| Atenolol (tenormin) | anti-HTN; b-blocker, cardioselective
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| Betaxolol (kerlone) | anti-HTN; b-blocker, cardioselective
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| Bisoprolol (zebeta) | anti-HTN; b-blocker, cardioselective
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| Esmolol (brevibloc) | anti-HTN; b-blocker, cardioselective; IV only
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| Metoprolol (lopressor, toprol XL) | anti-HTN; b-blocker, cardioselective
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| Nadolol (corgard) | anti-HTN; b-blocker, non-cardioselective
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| Propanolol (inderal) | anti-HTN; b-blocker, non-cardioselective
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| Timolol (blocardren) | anti-HTN; b-blocker, non-cardioselective
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| Carteolol (cartrol) | anti-HTN; b-blocker with ISA, non-cardioselective
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| Penbutolol (levatol) | anti-HTN; b-blocker with ISA, non-cardioselective
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| Pindolol (visken) | anti-HTN; b-blocker with ISA, non-cardioselective
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| Acebutolol (sectral) | anti-HTN; b-blocker with ISA, cardioselective
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| Carvedilol (coreg) | anti-HTN; b-blocker with ISA, a/b-blockers
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| Labetalol (normodyne, trandate) | anti-HTN; b-blocker with ISA, a/b-blockers
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| Doxazosin (cardura) | anti-HTN; a-blocker
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| Prazosin (minipress) | anti-HTN; a-blocker
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| Terazosin (hytrin) | anti-HTN; a-blocker
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| Phentolamine (regitine) | anti-HTN; a-blocker; rarely used
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| Methyldopa (aldomet) | anti-HTN; central a2-blocker; **used in pregnancy-HTN**
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| Clonidine (catapres) | anti-HTN; central a2-blocker
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| Guanabenz (wytensin) | anti-HTN; central a2-blocker
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| Guanfacine (tenex) | anti-HTN; central a2-blocker
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| Guanethidine (ismelin) | anti-HTN; adrenergic inhibitors
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| Guanadrel (hylorel) | anti-HTN; adrenergic inhibitors
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| Reserpine | anti-HTN; adrenergic inhibitors
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| Amlodipine (norvasc) | anti-HTN; CCB; dihydropiridine (DHP)
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| Felodipine (plendil) | anti-HTN; CCB; dihydropiridine (DHP)
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| Isradipine (dynacirc CR) | anti-HTN; CCB; dihydropiridine (DHP)
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| Nicardipine (cardene) | anti-HTN; CCB; dihydropiridine (DHP)
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| Nifedipine long-acting (adalat CC, procardia XL) | anti-HTN; CCB; dihydropiridine (DHP)
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| Nisoldipine (sular) | anti-HTN; CCB; dihydropiridine (DHP)
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| Nimodipine (nimotop) | anti-HTN; CCB; dihydropiridine (DHP)
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| Diltiazem (cardizem) | anti-HTN; CCB; non-DHP
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| Verapamil (calan, isoptin) | anti-HTN; CCB; non-DHP
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| Hydralazine (apresoline) | anti-HTN; vasodilator
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| Minoxidil (loniten) | anti-HTN; vasodilator
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| Nitroprusside (nipride, nitropress) | anti-HTN; vasodilator
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| Diazoxide (hyperstat IV) | anti-HTN; vasodilator
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| Fenoldopan (corlopam) | anti-HTN; vasodilator
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