oral antidiebetic agents

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answer

definition

Glipizide (Glucatrol)

2nd gen. sulfonylurea; Type 2 DM;

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glucatrol MOA;

Stimulate pancreas to release insulin and transport extra glucose in the blood to the muscles, liver, and adipose tissues

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Glipizide (Glucatrol) SE

Agranulocytosis, hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, cholestatic jaundice; Nausea, epigastric fullness, heartburn; erythema, photosensitivity, hypoglycemia, morbilliform and maculopapular eruptions

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Glipizide (Glucatrol) CI

Hypoglycemic effect is increased when taken w/ alcohol, steroids, beta-blockers, MAOIs, oral anticoagulants, sulfonamides; contraindicated in pts w/ hypersensitivity to sulfonylureas,and juvenile diabetes; cautious use with geriatrics; cardiac/renal/hepa

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Metformin (Glucophage) class and indication

Biguanide - for type2 DM

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Metformin (Glucophage) MOA

Inhibits hepatic glucose production and increases uptake

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Metformin (Glucophage) SE

Ab. bloating, nausea, cramps, feeling of fullness, and diarrhea; metallic taste, reduced B12 levels

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Metformin (Glucophage) CI

Hypersensitivity to biguanides, hepatic/renal disease, alcoholism, or cardiopulmonary disease; pregnancy, lactation; acidosis, ketoacidosis

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Acarbose (Precose) class and indic

Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor

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Acarbose (Precose) MOA

Blunts elevated blood sugar levels after a meal

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Acarbose (Precose) SE

Flatulence, diarrhea, ab. cramps; do NOT cause hypoglycemia like glucatrol

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Acarbose (Precose) CI

Hypersensitivity to alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, diabetic ketoacidosis, cirrhosis, inflammatory bowel disease, colonic ulcerations, partial intestinal obstruction, chronic intestinal disease

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Rosiglitazone (Avandia) class

Thiazolidinedione

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Rosiglitazone (Avandia) MOA

Decrease insulin resistance – directly stimulate peripheral glucose uptake and storage and inhibit glucose and trigly. production in the liver

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Rosiglitazone (Avandia) SE

Weight gain, edema, mild anemia

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Rosiglitazone (Avandia ) CI

possible hepatic toxicity – measure ALT q treatment, q 2 months, and periodically thereafter

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Nursing Process and Teaching Tips for Oral Antidiabetic Agents

Take Precose with first bite of each meal.

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Nursing Process and Teaching Tips for Oral Antidiabetic Agents

Take Glucatrol 30 minutes q meals.

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Nursing Process and Teaching Tips for Oral Antidiabetic Agents

Teach pt how to measure their blood glucose level with a glucometer and perform this as ordered by the MD.

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Nursing Process and Teaching Tips for Oral Antidiabetic Agents

Drug interactions w/ oral antidiabetic agents include warfarin, aspirin, digoxin, insulin, diuretics, beta-blockers, CCBs, corticosteroids, Phenobarbital, sulfanamides, chloramphenicol, MAOIs, and NSAIDs.

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Created by: mashechka