Fetal Circulation
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| Which blood vessels are in the placenta? | 2 umbilical arteries; 1 umbilical vein
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| What is the purpose of the umbilical vein? | it brings oxygenated blood from the mother to the fetus
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| Trace the flow of oxygenated blood from the placenta to the heart | oxygenated blood from the mom passes to the umbilical vein in the placenta; next it goes to the liver; from here it divides into the hepatic vein and the ductus venosus; the blood from the ductus venosus joins the IVC, then goes to the RA
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| What is special about the blood entering the right atrium of the fetus? | it is "purple" - mix of oxygenated (red) and deoxygenated (blue) blood; oxygenated from the ductus venosus (thru the IVC) and deoxygenated from the SVC
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| Where does blood flow as it leaves the right atrium? | it goes to either right ventricle (and then pulmonary trunk) or to the foramen ovale which brings it directly to the left atrium, bypassing the lungs
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| What happens to the blood that makes it to the pulmonary trunk? | it either goes to the lungs and then the pulmonary veins, left atrium, left ventricle, and aorta OR it passes through the ductus arteriosis to the aorta, again bypassing the lungs
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| Why is much of the fetus' blood diverted from the lungs | the lungs are not yet functional; the oxygenated blood is received from the mother through the placenta; the lungs just need a small amount of blood to keep them viable
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| How is waste processed from the fetus? | waste is passed through the umbilical arteries (which are supplied from the internal iliac arteries)
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| What are the 3 circulation changes that happen at birth? | 1) the ductus venosus becomes the ligamentum venosum; 2) the foramen ovales becomes the fossa ovalis; 3) the ductus arteriosis becomes the ligamentum arteriosum
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| Where is the highly oxygenated blood found in the fetus? | from the umbilical vein (beginning at the placenta) through the liver to where it joins with the IVC
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| Where is the moderately oxygenated blood found in the fetus? | from the IVC (where it is joined by the umbilical vein) up through the heart to the aortic arch; partially oxygenated blood is found through the arteries
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| Where is deoxygenated blood found in the fetus? | all veins, except the umbilical vein and the section of the IVC after the umbilical vein joins in
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| What happens to the umbilical arteries and umbilical vein at birth? | the umbilical arteries become the medial umbilical ligaments; the umbilical vein becomes the ligamentum teres
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