Principles of Assessment
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| On-Field Primary Survey | Establish LOC, Check ABC's, Assume Spinal Injury if you did not witness MOI, Check for and control Severe Bleeding
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| On-Field Secondary Survey | History-MOI, Location, Severity, Shock Assessment, Musculoskeletal Screen
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| Musculoskeletal Screen | Bilateral Comparison for Deformities, Neurological Assessment if Spinal Injury Suspected. Palpate for Fractures and Dislocations. Test for Neurovascular Compromise. Assess ROM.
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| Subjetive Assessment | Used to form Hypothesis about nature and extent of injury. History(meds, allergies, familial)Observation
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| Objective Assessment | Special Test to establish severity and nature of injury. Comparable sign: Reproduction of the athlete's symptoms. Bilateral Comparison
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| History | Current and previous Injuries. Onset, type, and location of Pain. Unusual Sounds or Sensations
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| Observation | Clues from facial expressions. General posture. Guarding. Visual inspection(swelling, deformity, bilateral comparison)
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| Palpation | Reveals info regarding: tension, thickness, texture of soft tissue. Deformity, swelling, temp, moiosture, pulse, muscle fasciculations, crepitus and pt. tenderness. General contours of bony and soft tissue. Use a systematic approach.
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| Basic Assessment | History, observation, palpation, ROM, strength, special tests, neurovascular test, functional tests.
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| SINS | Severity-Indicates need for referral. Irritablility-Relates to the stage and extent of injury, injured structures, and pain tolerance. Nature-Type of injury and type of structures involved. Stage-Acute(7-10 days), subacute(4-6 wks), chronic(6-8 wks)
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| SOAP | Subjective-Chief complaint, MOI, reported S&S. Objective-Reproducable measurements and observations. Assessment-Impression of the Injury. Plan-Immediate treatment and referral plans
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