Comp Toulmin Terms
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| Argument | a model that shows movement from the evidence (what is known to be true) to the claim (what may be true). You get there through backing (other things that you know that enhance the likelihood of the claim). Synonyms: paragraph, syllogism
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| Arrangement | is the orgainzation of the parts of a presentation to ensure that all means of persuasion are present and properly disposed; also, second canon of classical rhetoric
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| Bathos | refers to the sudden appearance of the commonplace in otherwise manner or style, including such attributes as triteness, anticlimax, and sentimentalism
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| Canon | an ancient division or part of the art of rhetoric. There are five: 1)Invention 2) Arrangement 3)Style 4) Memory 5) Delivery
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| Claim | what may be true
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| Community | means a unified body of individuals bound by common interest; synonyms: state, commonwealth, polis
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| Criticism | the art of analyzing and then evaluating phenomena, such as ideas, arguments, behavior, works of art and literature. As an art, it seeks not only weaknesses and faults, but also strengths &general qualities. It is a necessary tool for developing intellect
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| Delivery | presenting the message with effective gestures and vocal modulation, also, the 5th canon of classical rhetoric. In writing, it may be compared to mastery of tone
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| Ehninger's Application of Toulmin | applied toulmin's model, calls backing the warrant, bridge analogy, evidence is the pilings, warrant is superstructure, and claim is a roadway that sits on top of the other elements, supported by them.
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| Enthymeme | a truncated or shortened form of an argument
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| Ethos | establishing character, sentiment moral nature, or guiding beliefs or a person, group, or institution. means an appeal based on the character of the speaker. syn: Reputation
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| Evidence | what is know to be true
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| Grammar | the study of classes of words, their inflections,functions and relation in the sentence. the criteria a writer uses to select the stylistic materials or structure in a composition.The rules of an art of science
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| Hermeneutics | the study of the methodological principles of interpretation
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| Honor | means good name, public esteem, reputation, a showing of a merited respect, integrity
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| Invention | the search for persuasive ways to prevent information and formulate arguments- deduction and induction, first canon
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| Logic | the principles of reasoning which are dealy with in two manners-formally and informally. Formal logic is science and follows strict rules. Informal-simple analysis. Formal an advanced study.
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| Logos | in classical rhetoric the means of persruasion by demonstration of the truth, real, or apparent.
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| Love | the unselfish loyal and benevolent concern for the good of another
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| Magnanimity | loftiness of spirit, able to bear trouble calmly, to disdain meanness, and to display a noble generosity
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| memory | one of the five canons of classical rhetoric. corresponds to sources.
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| objective | relating to, being and object, independent thinker. the world exists independently of our ability to perceive that reality. obj.ism is the position in hermeneutics that doesnt limit knowledge to subjective experience
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| Pathos | an element in experience or in an artistic representation or expression that evokes pity or compassion in an audience. syn: emotional argument
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| patience | the capacity to bear troubles without complaint, to manifest forbearance under provocation or strain, to refrain from being hasty or impetous, to remain steadfast despite opposition, difficulty or adversity
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| Perseverance | the quality of remaining steadfast
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| Perspicacity | shrewdness, the ability to focus one's mind acutely
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| Poetry | writing that formulates a concentrated imaginative awareness of experience in language chose and arranged to create a specific emotional response through meaning. The Greek word means to make
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| Polis | means greek city-state; genreally, it refers to a state or society especially when charatcerized by sense of community
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| Prose | the ordinary language used in speech and writing, literary medium different than poetry, with a varied rhythm and patterns that correspond with common speech
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| Rhetoric | Aristole:the ability to see what is possibly persuasive in every given case-directed towards an audience
Modern:the ability to discover ad express one's feelings accurately & w/o inhibition-directed towards the self.
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| Speech | not only raw utterance, but also the logic, the intent to inform,and the awareness of the ability to create an effect on an audience
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| style | an ancient division or part of the art or rhetoric. That governs the correct, appropriate, and remarkable language throughout the speech; in writing style is what is produced by careful editing
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| subjective | characteristic of or belonging to reality as perceived rather than independent mind. Syn: phenomenal. Subj.ism is the position in hereneutics that limits knowledge to subjective experience
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| Syllogism | the same model as argument: evidence is the 1st premise, and the claim is the conclusion. Backing or warrant is the second premise. syn: paragraph, arguement. First recognized by aristotle
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| Warrant | anything other than the evidence that enhances the likelihood of the claim. Syn: backing
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| Warrant Support | e. dividing t's idea of backing into warrant and warrant support. The warrant is the main connection between evidence and claim. WS is any additional information that strengthens the connective force of the W. Horizontal argument
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| Writing | first technology. signs of civilization. would be no history.
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