physiology of physiology
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| tidal volume | volume inspired or expired with each normal breath
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| inspiratory reserve volume | volume that can be inspired over and above tidal volume
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| expiratory reserve volume | volume that can be expired after the expiration of a tidal volume
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| residual volume | volume that remains in the lungs after maximal expiration
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| anatomic dead space | volume in conductin airways
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| physiologic dead space | functional measurement, volume of the lungs that does not participate in gas exchange
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| minute ventilation | tidal volume X respiration rate
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| alveolar ventillation | ( tidal volume- dead space) X respiration rate
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| Inspiratory capacity | sum of tidal volume and inspiratory reserve volume
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| functional residual capacity | sum of expiratory reserve volume and residual volume; remains in lungs after tidal volume is expired
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| vital capacity | volume of air that can be forcibly expired after maximal inspiration
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| vital capacity | tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume+ expiratory reserve volume
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| muscels of inspiration | diaphragm and external intercostals
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| muscles of expiration | normally passive, used during exercise; includes abdominal muscles and internal intercostals
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| compliance of respiratory system | distensibility of lungs and chest wall; inversly related to elastance
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| surfactant | reduces surface tension and increases compliance, is produced starting gestational week 24-35
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| surfactant | synthesized by type II alveolar cells and consits primarily of DPPC; lecithin:sphingomyelin ratio >2:! indicates mature levels of surfactant
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| during rest | alveolar pressure equals atmospheric pressure, intrapleural pressure is negative
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| during inspiration | alveolar pressure becomes negative causing a presure gradient, intrapleural pressure becomes more negative
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| during expiration | alveolar pressure becomes postitive, intrapleural pressure returns to resting value
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