medical terms
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| osteoporsis | literally means porous bones; that is, bones that were once strong become fragile due to loss of bone density
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| osteomalacia | is a diease in which the bones become abnormally soft due to a deficiency of calicum and phosphorus
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| osteomyelitis | is a local or generalized infection of the bone and bone marrow, resulting from a bacterial infection that has spread to the bone tissue through the blood
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| ewing's sacroma | is a maligant tumor of the bones common to young adults; particulary adolescent biys
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| osteogenic sacroma | is a maligant tumor arising from bone,
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| ostechondroma | is the most common benign bone tumor
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| paget's diease | a nonmetabolic diease of the bone, characterized by excessive bone destruction(breakdown of bone tissue by the osteoclasts) and unorganized bone formation by the osteoblasts
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| spinal stenosis | is a narrowing of the vertebral canal, nerve oot canals. or intervertebral foramini(openings) of the lumbar spinal canal
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| talipes equinavares | clubfoot; the infant's foot is fixed in plantar flexion(turned downward) and deviates medially(turned inward) and the heel is an elevated position
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| abnormal curature of the spine | in this section we define three abnormal curvations of the spine
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| kyphosis | is an abnormal outward curvature of a portion of the spine, commonly known as humpback or hunchback
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| lordosis | is an abnormal inward curvature of a portion of the spine, commonly known as swayback
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| scoliosis | is an abnormal lateral(sideward) curvature of a portion of the spine
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| fracture | is a broken bonel a sudden breaking of a bone
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| open reduction | a fracture consists if realigining the bone under direct observation during surgery
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| internal fixation devices | more commonly used with fractures of the femir and fractures of joints
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| closed fracture | known as a simple fracture; there is a break in a bone but no open wound in the skin
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| open fracture | knwon as a compund fracture; there is abreak in a bone, as well as an open wound in the skin
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| complete fracture | is a break that extends through the entire thickness of the bone
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| greenstick fracture | is an incomplete fracture
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| compression fracture | is caused by bine surfaces being forced against each other, as in the compression of one vertebra against another
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| impacted fracture | occurs when a direct force causes the bone to break, forcing the broken end of the smaller bone into the broken end of the larger bone
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| hairline fracture | also known as a stress fracture; is a minor fracture in which the bone contiunes to be in perfect alignment
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| pathological fracture | occurs when a bone, which is weakend by a prexisting diease, breaks in response to a force that would not cause a normal bone to break
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| occult fracture | is a fracture that cannot be detected by x-ray until several weeks after the injury (a "hidden fracture")
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| closed reduction | of a fracture consists of aliging the bone fragments through manual manipulation or traction, without making an incision into the skin
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| comminuted fracture | occurs when the force is so great that it splinters or crushes a segment of the one
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| colle's fracture | occurs at the lower end of the radius, within 1 inch of connecting with the wrist bones
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| bone scan | a bone scan involves the intravenous injection of a radioisotope, which is absorbed by bone tissue
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| bone marrow aspiration | a bone marrow aspiration is the process of removing a small sample of bone marrow from a selected site with a needle for the purpose of ecaming the specimen under a microscope
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| anesthetized | numbered; the aspiration needle is inserted through the skin down to the periosteum
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| dual energy x-ray absorptiometry(DEXA) | is a noninvasive procedure thay measures bone density
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| DIP | distal interphalangeal (joint)
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| DEXA | dual energy x-ray absorptiometry
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| Fx | fracture
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| PIP | proximal interphalangeal
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| MTP | metatarsophalangeal
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| MCP | metacarpophalangeal
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| C1, C2, C3 | cervical vertebra 1,2,2 etc.
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| L1, L2 L3 | lumbar vertebra 1,2,3 etc.
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| S1 | sacrum
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| T1, T1, T3 | thoracic vertebra 1,2,3 etc.
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| THA | total hip arthroplasty
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| THR | total hip placement
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| TKA | total knee arthroplasty
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| TKR | total knee replacment
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| TMJ | temporomandibular joint
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