NHA CCMA test
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| Order of draw | 1. Blood Cultures2. Light Blue top tubes3. Serum or non-additive tube (Red or Red/Gray top tubes)4. Green top tubes5. Lavender top tubes6. Gray top tubes
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| BeCause BetterGoalsGeneratePerfectSpecimens | Blood CulturesBlueGreenGrayPurple (Lavender)Serum (Red)
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| Order of draw for capillary specimens | 1. Lavender tube 2. Tubes with other additives3. Tubes without additives
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| Lavender top tube - | Contains the anticoagulant ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). EDTA inhibits coagulation by binding to calcium present in the specimen. The tubes must be filled at least two-thirds full and inverted eight times.
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| Common tests (for lavender): | CBC (Complete Blood Count); Includes: RBC count, WBC count and Platelet count; WBC differential count; Hemoglobin and Hematocrit determinations; ESR (Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate); Sickle Cell Screening
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| Red top tube - | Also known as plain vacuum tube and contains no additive or anticoagulant. Collected blood clots by normal coagulation process in 30-60 minutes. There is no need to invert the tube after collection.
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| Common tests (for red): | Serum chemistry tests; Serology tests; Blood bank (glass only)
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| Specimen Requirements | Patient’s full name and date of birth Patient’s hospital identification number (SSN for outpatients) Date and time of collection Medical assistant’s initials
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| Bacteriology | the study of bacteria
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| Parasitology | the study of parasites
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| Mycology | the study of fungi
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| Virology | the study of viruses
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| Anuria: | The absence of urine
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| Hematuria: | The presence of blood in urine
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| Polyuria: | The passage of large volumes of urine
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| Proteinuria: | The presence of excess proteins in urine
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| The routine urinalysis procedure is composed of three parts: | a. physical examinationb. chemical examinationc. microscopic examination
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| Physical examination of urineThis consists of: | 1. Assessing the volume of the urine specimen to determine if it 2. Is adequate for testing. 3. Observing the color and appearance ( or character ) of the 4. specimen. 5. Noting the odor. 6. Measuring the specific gravity.
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| This involves chemical evaluation of the contents of the urine which can be qualitative or quantitative. The chemical testing may involve examination of the following: | vii. pHviii. Glucoseix. Ketonex. Proteinxi. Bloodxii. Bilirubinxiii. Urobilinogenxiv. Nitritexv. Leukocyte esterase
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| Waveform: | refers to movement away from the isoelectric line either upward (positive) deflection or downward (negative) deflection.
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| Segment: | line between two waveforms.
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| Interval: | waveform plus a segment.
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| Complex: | several waveforms.
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| P wave: | the deflection produced by atrial depolarization. The normal P wave in standard, limb, and precordial leads does not exceed 0.11s in duration or 2.5mm in height.
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| QRS complex: | represents ventricular depolarization (activation). The ventricle is depolarized from the endocardium to the myocardium, to the epicardium.
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| Q (q) wave: | the initial negative deflection produced by ventricular depolarization.
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| R (r) wave: | the first positive deflection produced by ventricular depolarization.
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| S (s) wave: | the first negative deflection produced by the ventricular depolarization that follows the first positive deflection, (R) wave.
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| T wave: | the deflection produced by ventricular repolarization.
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| U wave: | the deflection seen following the T wave but preceding the next P wave.
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| RR interval: | this is the interval between two R waves.P wave plus the PR segment. The normal interval is 0.12 – 0.2 sec.
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| QRS interval: | represents ventricular depolarization time. It should be no more than 0.1 sec. in the limb leads and 0.11 sec. in the precordial leads.
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| PR segment: | line from the end of the P wave to the onset of the QRS complex.
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| J (RST) junction: | point at which QRS complex ends and ST segment begins.
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| ST segment: | from J point to the onset of the T wave.
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