Chapter 1 Section; Chapter 3 Section 1 & 2
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| How geographers use tools to understand the earth | to view global or local change
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| What type of technology do geographers use | Sonar, GPS, GIS
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| 5 Themes of Geography | Location of Place, Character of Place,How places are same & different.How people move people, good & ideas move.How people interact with natural enviornment
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| How Geographers can identify location,place & region | Absolute and relative location. Physical & Human Characteristics
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| Why movement & human enviornment interaction is important to geographers | People do not exist in isolation, they are affected by other peolpe
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| How movement & human enviornment interaction can affect the enviornment | Humans and their movement can help and hurt the enviornment
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| Why population density is different around the world | it is different because people can't live in some areas of the world because of the harsh weather climates
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| Why are some possible effects (positive and negative) of population growth | New growth has brought new plants & wildlife has placed strain on things like water supplies
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| The elements of culture | beliefs and actions that define a group
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| How can culture change | through cultural conuerrance
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| Analyze map on p.88-89 to see where the densest populations are | East Asia, South Asia, Europe and eastern North America
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| Why has population growth dramatically increased over the past few centuries | increased food production, better medical care and help people live longer
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| 4 characteristics shared by all countries | defined territory, population,sovereignty & government
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| 3 Types of Government structure | unitary, federation & confederate
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| 3 types of economic systems | traditional, command and free market
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| Types of government authority | authoritarian, dictatorship, totultarian and monarch
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| Sovereignty | a countries freedom
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| unitary system | a system in government where there is one central government that holds the power
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| federation | a government structure in which some powers are given to a national government and other powers are reserved for more local governments
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| confederation | system wheresmaller polotical units keeps their sovereignty and gives the central government only very little power
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| Authoritarian | descriptive of a system of government in which the leaders hold all political power
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| Dictatorship | power is concentration ina smaller group of one person
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| Totalitarianism | a government in which a central controls all aspects of society
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| Monarchy | a system of authoritarian government headed by a monarch. ruled by Kings & Queens
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| Democracy | people can get a vote, they can chose their leaders ect.
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| Traditional economy | people produce only enough goods for only their family
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| Market economy | a system where the individauls get what they want and buy what they want or make
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| Command economy | controlled by the government
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| Geography | is a study where people, places, and things are located and how they relate to each other
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| GIS | uses computer technology to collect, manipulate, analyzeand display data about the earth's surface inorder to solve geographic problems
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| Absolute location | it's position on the globe
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| Hemisphere | a half of the earth;the equator divides the northern and southern hemisphesere; the prime meridian divides the Eastern and Western hemispheresworld into two (2) halves
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| Relative location | it's relation compared to other places
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| Character of a place | consists of teh place's physical and human characteristics
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| Perception | is a viewpoint that is influenced by one's own culture and experiences
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| Formal region | are areas in which certain characteristics are found throughout the area
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| Functional region | consists of a central place and the surrounding places affected by it
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| Perceptual region | are defined by prople's feelings and attitudes about ares
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| Culture | the beliefs and actions that define a group of peoples way of life
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| Population density | the average amount of people living in a given area (in a square mile or square kilometer0
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| Birthrate | number of live births each year per 1000 people
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| Immigrant | A person who move in a country
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| Emigrant | people who leave the country to live in other places
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| Urbanization | the growth of a city population
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| Rural | countryside population
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| Culture hearth | refers to a place to where important ideas begin and from what they spread to surrounding cultures
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| Cultural convergence | occurs when the skills, art, ideas, habits and institutions of one culture come in contact with those of other cultures
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| Diffusion | is the process by which a culture element is transmitted across some distance from one group or individual to another
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| Culture divergence | a restriction of a cultural from outside influences
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| Describe two (2) distinct ways in which cultures can change | cultural convergence and diffusion
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| Why might some peopl want to limit cultural contact and the spread if ideas | want things to remain the same; want to limit the spread of racial ideas
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| List four (4) elements of culture | some demographers predict increase in famine, disease and natural resource depletion. .others are optimistic about the future and predict the same number of humans increase..levels of technology and creativity will increase.
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| How can movement of a group of people from one country to another cause cultural change | immigrants can bring aspects of their cultural such as food, religious beliefs, arts of language to a new country; where these new elements of culture can be adapted by other people
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| core | the earth's center,
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| lithosphere | the surface features of the earth, including solid rocks and landforms
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| atmosphere | the layer of gases, water vapor and other substances above the earth
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| continent | any of the seven (7) large landmasses of the earth's surface. Africa, Antarctica, Asia, Australia,Europe, North America and South America
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| plate tectonics | the theory that the earth's outer shell is composed of a number of large unanchored plates, or slabs of rock, whose constant movement explains earthquakes and volcanic activity
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| erosion | is the movement of weathered materials such as gravel, soil and sand
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| glacier | huge, slow-moving sheets of ice
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| what characteristics do all countries have in common | everyone of them has something called States, Provinces or Republic populations, Sovereignty, Government and clearly defined territories
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| In which type of government structure do local states have the greatest power? Explain | Confederation in this system, smaller polotical units keep their sovereginty and give the central government limited powers
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| Is Totalitarianism an authorization or democratic system of government? Explain | No, since these types of governments do not allow people to control their own personal lives and they use political terror to excerise power. People are not allowed to express their own opinions
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| How does the market economy differ from a command economy? | In a market economy private individuals and groups decide what and how many the prices of the goods producded. In a command the government leaders control production prices and where good are produced
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