UCI SOM Liu
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| Kinetics of f-actin polymerization | nucleation is slow, elongation is fast
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| Critical concentration | minimal G-actin concentration for actin polymerization
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| Barbed end characteristics | + end, lower critical conc., higher polymerization rate, polymerizes at steady state
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| Pointed end | - end, higher critical conc., slower polymerization rate, depolymerizes at steady state
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| Actin-monomer-binding proteins | thymosin and profilin
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| Thymosin | binds actin and inhibits f-actin polymerization
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| Profilin | promotes polymerization of actin
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| Listeria monocytogenes | intracellular parasite that uses profilin
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| Arp2 and Arp3 | form ARP complex; very similar structure to plus end of actin; catalyze polymerization; starts side chains
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| Actin severing and/or capping proteins | villin (from intestine) and gelsonin (from macrophages)
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| Platelet formation | Ca2+ activates gelsonin severs actin filaments which then grow rapidly into many long actin filaments
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| f-actin cross-linking proteins | spectrin (long), fimbrin (short), alpha actinin (medium), flimanin (for cross linking f-actin), dystrophin
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| microvilli components | f-actin, villin, fimbrin, mysoin-I, calmodulin
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| how does the actin-spectrin cytoskeleton network connect to the membrane in RBCs | ankyrin connects to band3 protein, band4.1 protein and adducin connect to glycophorin, an integral membrane protein
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| how does the cortical actin network connect to the membrane in platelets | actin-spectrin network linked to an anion transporter; second- actin-filamin gel achored to glycoprotein Ib-IX
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| duchenne’s muscular dystrophy | lack dystrophin, a spectrin related protein
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| all myosins have what | head, neck, and tail domains with distinct fxns
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| muscle type of myosin | II
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| myosin II makeup | 2 heavy chains and 4 light chains
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| z disc | where the actin filaments join in anti-parallel action (end of sarcomere)
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| 3 most notable actin/myosin structures | contractile ring, stress fibers, adhesion belt
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| myosin I | move vesicles around the cell and attach to the plasma membrane
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| myosin V | vesicular transport of secretory vesicles
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| microtubules are made of what | tubulin heterodimer (alpha and beta tubulin)
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| how many protofilaments in one microtubule | 13
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| 4 places microtubules are found | cilia/flagella, cytoplasmic microtubules in interphase cells, mitotic spindle, centrioles/MTOC
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| cilia use what form of microtubule | axoneme
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| axoneme structure | 9 doublet microtubules and 2 single microtubules
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| ciliary dynein | move toward the minus end but because of linking proteins, the cilia just bend
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| basal body structure | nine sets of triplet microtubules; same structure as centriole
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| MTOC | microtubule organization center; stimulate polymerization; positive end is away from MTOC
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| Centrosome | single major MTOC
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| Centriole | a pair in the centrosome; same structure as basal bodies; L-shaped configuration; move to different poles during mitosis
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| Gamma-tubulin | base of centrosome; alpha and beta tubulin add on top
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| In a dividing cell, the MTOC is called | spindle pole
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| GTP cap | hydrolysis lags polymerization
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| 2 classes of microtubules | ones with a GTP cap are favored for growth, those without are favored for disassembly
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| if a microtubule loses its GTP cap, what happens | catastrophic depolymerization
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| kinesin | many types, moves to the plus end (away from MTOC)=anterograde
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| dynein | moves to minus end (to MTOC)=retrograde; mitosis
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| polar microtubule | cross linking microtubules in mitosis that don’t bind chromosomes
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| kinetochore MT | MT that grab chromosomes
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| the movement of chromosomes to the poles is known as | anaphase A
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| the poles are pushed and pulled apart in what phase | anaphase B
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