Introductory Fungi lecture-diseases from Dr. E
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| Characteristics of Pitryriasis tinea versicolor 1) Type of fungal disease 2) Agent 3)Manifestations 4)Microscopic description | 1)superficial mycosis 2)Malassizia furfur 3)Furfuraceous scales, well demarkated lesions, 4)spaghetti and meatball appearance from scrapings
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| Characteristics of Tinea Negra 1) Type of fungal disease 2) Agent 3)Manifestations 4)Microscopic description | 1)Superficial mycosis 2)Hortaea werneckii 3) Macular discoloration (like on the hand) due to fungus's melanin production 4)Pigmented septate hyphae
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| Characteristics of White Piedra 1) Type of fungal disease 2) Agent 3)Manifestations 4)Microscopic description | 1)Superficial 2) Trichosporon beilgelii 3) Creamy ganules on hairshaft 4) Yeast like cells with blastoconidia and arthroconidia
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| Characteristics of Black Piedra 1) Type of fungal disease 2) Agent 3)Manifestations 4)Microscopic description | 1) Superficial 2) Piedraia hortae 3)Dark nodules form on hair shaft 4)hard black nodules telomorphic phase
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| Common cutaneous infections | ringworm/tinea of Dermatophytes and Ascomycetes
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| Types of Dermatophytes | Anthropophillic, zoophillic, geophillic
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| Anthrophillic | keratinophilic
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| Zoophillic | inflammatory response in humans
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| Geophilic | env. Species recovered from soil, inflammatory response association
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| Dermatophytes and general characteristics | keratinophillicand keratinolytic
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| 3genera: Dermatophytes | Microsporum& Epidermophyton (nails,hair), Trichophyton (nails hair & skin)
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| How are Dermatophytes identified | Asexual spore formation, morphological chara., metabolism Tinea Capitis/Tinea Barbae 1) what is it 2)host type? 3)spreadable?
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| Tinea Cruris 1) what is it 2)host type? 3)spreadable? | 1) Ringworm of groin/perianal region, 2) anthrophillic 3) Direct and indirect contact
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| Tinea Corporis 1) what is it 2)host type? 3)spreadable? | Ringworm of the body 2) various reservoirs
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| Tinea Pedis 1) what is it 2)host type? 3)spreadable? | Ringworm of the foot (athletes foot) Anthrophillic
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| Tinea Unguium 1) what is it 2)host type? 3)spreadable? | Ringworm of the nails(Onchymycoses, anthrophillic
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| Cutaneous infections with hair involvement | Endothrix infections, ectothrix infections, Favus
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| Dermatophyte infections identified by? | Gross observation, microscopic observation (clear sample with 10% KOH), wooks lamp-uv fluorescence, Dermatophyte test media
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| Lymphocataneous Sportrichosia 1) agent 2) type of infection 3) Disease characteristics 4) Fungal characteristics | 1) Sporothrix schenckii 2) Subcutaneous infection, 3) suppurative and ulcerative nodules can spread to muscles, joints and bones and but rarely to CNS, lungs, and genitourinary tract 4) dimorphic fungi, cigar shaped
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| Chromblastomycosis 1) agent 2) type of infection 3) Disease characteristics 4) Fungal characteristics | 1) Phialophora, Fonsecaea, Cladosporium, dematiaceous fungi 2) Subcutaneous 3)verrucous nodules 4) Sclerotic cells that are copper and divide via binary fission
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| Mycetoma 1) agent 2) type of infection 3) Disease characteristics 4) Fungal characteristics | 1) Subcutaneous mycosis 2) bacterial or fungal Some fungal species include Madurella Exophialal, Aspergillus 3) characterized by draining sinuses, granules, tumefication, usually of hand or foot
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| Histoplasma capsulatum1) agent 2) type of infection 3) Disease characteristics | 3) Infects histocytes (macrophages). Infection by inhalation of conidia or hyphal fragments. Common in bird and bat excrement (high nitrogen environments). Endemic to Mississippi and Missouri River Basins Disease Inhalation of conidia or hyphae
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| Histoplasma Capsulatum 4) Fungal characteristics Pneumonia |
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| Blastomyces dermatitidis 1) agent 2) type of infection 3) Disease characteristics 4) Fungal characteristics | Disease- humans & dogs of Great Lakes & Miss. Valley regions 3) Disease is primary pulmonary infection by conidia 4) yeast forms may be disseminated in macrophages to systemic disease (skin and bone lesions) Telemorph: Ajellomyces dermatitidis Dimorphic
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| Coccodiodiomycosis 1) agent 2) type of infection 3) Disease characteristics 4) Fungal characteristics | 1) Coccidiodes immitis 2) Systemic 3) Most infections asymptomatic, but mild-servere pulmonary disease (cough, fever, chest pain); acute or chronic disseminated to involve meninges and mucosa 5%.Can affect meninges, various mucosa, skin, and bone. immuno
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| Cryptococcus neoformans 1) agent 2) type of infection 3) Disease characteristics 4) Fungal characteristics | 1) Cryptococcus neoformans 2) Systemic 3) Capsule is a virulence factor (visible by India Ink staining). Lung is primary site of infection. often forms an asymptomatic solitary pulmonary nodule (other infections and cancers may cause SPN, too) may pres
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| Candida albicans 1) agent 2) type of infection 3) Disease characteristics 4) Fungal characteristics | Dimorphic form septate hyphae, pseudohyphae, and replicate via blastospores Germ tube formation in serum at 37C. Opportunistic Pathogen immunocompromised, vitamin deficient, antibiotic use, trauma. Common member of the normal microbial flora of humans.
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| Candidia albicans 1) agent 2) type of infection 3) Disease characteristics 4) Fungal characteristics | • Cutatneous, mucocutaneous, or systemic • Acute or chronic • Manifestations – Cutaneous Diseases • Intertrigo • Onychomycosis – Mucocutaneous Diseases • Oral Thrush • Perlèche • Vaginitis • Perianal disease • Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC)
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| Aspergillus flavus 1) agent 2) type of infection 3) Disease characteristics 4) Fungal characteristics | Two important species A. flavus, A. fumigatus • Monomorphic septate filaments • Exogenous sources • Pathogenesis may due to – mycotoxins (aflatoxins, A. flavus) – hypersensitivity response (allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis) – non-invasive growth
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| Opportunistic Zygomycetes 1) agent 2) type of infection 3) Disease characteristics 4) Fungal characteristics | Mucor, Rhizopus, and Absidia spp. • Non-septate filamentous fungi • Typically soil-dwelling • Cause Rhinocerebral infections (esp. Mucor) – Inhalation of spores – Sinusoidal swelling, necrosis, hemorrhaging – Rapid extension to brain
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| Pneumocystis jiroveci (carinii) 1) agent 2) type of infection 3) Disease characteristics 4) Fungal characteristics | Orginally thought to be a protozoan, P. carinii is a fungus. • Forms cysts that contain sporozoites • Most people have encountered P. carinii but it rarely causes problems in immunocompetent people. • Caused by P. carinii • Most common life-threatening
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| Coccodiodiomycosis microscopic characteristics | 4) Arthroconidia easily distributed, inhalation. Growth in host (at 37°C) results in spherule development **Bioterrorism agent**
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