ZELMAN HUMAN DISEASES 6th ed
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| Changes constantly occur within the body, and yet a steady state called______is generally maintained. | homeostasis
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| ____can be defined as a state of functional disequilibrium, a change in function or structure that is considered to be abnormal. | Disease
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| An____disease has a sudden onset and a short term. | acute
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| ____are objective evidence of disease observed on physical examination. | Signs
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| ____are subjective indications of disease reported by the patient. | Symptoms
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| ____, the determination of the nature of a disease, is based on many factors | Diagnosis
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| Diseases that will end in death are called____ | terminal
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| ____is a measure of the disability and extent of illness caused by a disease. | Morbidity
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| If the cause of a disease is not known, it is said to be____. | idiopathic
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| The physician, having made a diagnosis, may state the____of the disease, or the predicted course oand outcome of the disease. | prognosis
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| Pain is a sign. | False it is a symptom
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| Physiology is the study of disease. | False pathology is the study
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| The common cold is an examply of a chronic disease. | False it is an acute disease
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| Leukemia may go into remission. | True
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| Complications can aarise from inactivity. | True
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| Anemia is an example of a sequela. | False it is a complication
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| Paralysis of polio is an example of a complication. | False it is a sequela
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| Cancer is the leading cause of death in the US. | False heart disease is
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| Infertility can relapse. | False
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| Diabetes is a chronic disease. | True
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| What is a Relapse? | Disease returns weeks or monts after its apparent cessation
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| What is a Biopsy? | Surgical removal and analysis of tissue samples
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| What is Etiology? | Cause of disease
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| What is a Sequela? | The aftermath of a particular disease
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| What is Pathogenesis? | The source or cause of a disease, together with its development
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| What is a Syndrome? | Certain sets of signs and symptoms occur concurrently in some diseases
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| What are Complications? | Diseases that develop in a person already suffering from a disease
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| What is a Remission? | The signs and symptoms of achronic disease at times subside
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| What is Mortality? | Measure of the number of deaths attributed to a disease in a given population over a given period of time
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| What is Chronic? | A disease may begin insidiously and be long-lived
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| Bacteria that cause pus formation are called____bacteria. | Supparative
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| Cross-matching for a blood transfusion must match blood type and____. | rH factor
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| A____consists of a low dose of dead ro deactivated bacteria or viruses. | vaccine
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| Stress causes and increased production of the hormone____. | cortisol
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| ____cells are a type of leukocyte that recognize body cells with abnormal membranes. | Natural killer
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| The causative agents that initiate an allergy response are called____. | allergens
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| The causative agend of AIDS is the___. | HIV (Human munodifiency virus)
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| The damaged tissue releases a substance called____. | histamine
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| In____, the person is given a vaccine or a toxoid as the antigen, and he or she forms antibodies to counteract it. | active immunity
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| ____defense mechanisms are effective against any foreign agen that enter the body and are referred to as innate immunity. | Nonspecific
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| HIV can be transmitted through saliva. | False only through contaminated body fluid (blood, semen, breastmilk, vaginal secretions)
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| Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a contagious inflammatory disease. | False it is noncontagious
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| The cause of chronic fatigue syndrome is known. | False it is unknown
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| Fever is the body's first line of defense. | False immunis system is
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| HIV is a retrovirus. | True
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| T cells form antibodies. | False plasma cells do
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| Specific defense mechanisms are effective agains particular identified foreign agents and are referred to as acquired immunity. | True
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| Type I hypersensitivities are labled cytotoxic or cytolytic, and involve IgM or IgG interacting with foreign cells to cause their destruction. | False Type II
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| The excessive production of white cells is called leukocytosis. | True
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| Fever is not something that should always be eliminated, but should be monitored closely. | True
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| The cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation | Redness, swelling, heat, and pain
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| Scleroderma | Chronic, progressive autoimmune disorder of the skin
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| Phagocytosis | cellular eating
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| IgM | protects newborns
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| Chronic fatigue syndrome | peculiar disease that affects primarily young professionals in the prime of life
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| Immunity | The ability of the body to defend itself against infections agents, foreign cells, and even abnormal body cells
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| Antigen | The foreign element that triggers the immune response
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| Interferon | A group of substances that stimulates the immune system
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| IgE | involved in allergy
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| Chemotaxis | the attraction of the white blood cells to the site of inflammation
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| Those diseases transmitted from human to human are said to be____or____. | Contagious, communicable
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| Bacteria have____, a rigid layer of organic material surrounding their dlicate cell membranes. | cell walls
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| During the____thick-walled cells turn purple and thin-walled cells become red, and thus bacteria can be identified using this technique. | gram stain
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| ____contain the genetic material of bacteria packaged in a tough outer coat that is resistant to desication, acid, extreme temperature, and even radiation | Endospores
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| Fungi have filaments called____specialized for absorption of nutrients. | mycelia
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| An animal that transmits pathogenic microorganisms to human is a____. | vector
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| ____is the study of the transmission, occurrence, distribution, and control of disease. | Epidemiology
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| The number of new cases of a disease in a population is its____. | prevalence
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| When a disease always occurs at low levels in a population, it is said to be____. | endemic
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| When a disease suddenly occurs in unexpected numbers in a limited area and then subsides, this is described as an____. | outbreak
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| Infections diseases are those diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms. | True
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| Infectious diseases are classified as communicable if not transmitted directly by humans. | False
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| Endotoxin is released into tissues when gram-negative cells die | True
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| Viruses are considered living organisms. | False
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| Healthy human tissue is relatively resistant to fungal infections. | True
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| Influenza uses vertical transmission | False
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| If a disease occurs in unusually large numbers over a specific area, it is said to be epidmeic. | True
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| Pandemics are under constant surveillance in the US. | False
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| Viral infections can be treated with a variety of antibiotics. | False
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| Correct use of antibiotics can prevent the development of antibiotic resistance | True
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| Pathogens | Microorganisms that cause disease
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| Helminths | The wormlike animals that include roundworms and flatworms
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| Bacteria | Microscopic single-celled organisms
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| Protozoa | single-celled eukaryotic microorganisms
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| Reservoir | act as sources of the pathogen and potential sources of diseases
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| Binary fission | Bacterial reproduction by splitting in half
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| Virus | Infectious particles made of a core of genetic material (either RNA or DNA) wrapped in a protein coat
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| Horizontal transmission | Infectious diseases can be transmitted directly form an infected human to a susceptible human
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| Endotoxin | A particularly potent toxin that causes life-threatening shock
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| Latent infection | viruses insert themselves in cells and do not reproduce
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