68WM6 Bones
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| Abduction | Movement of a body part AWAY from the midline.(abduct=to take away)
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| Adduction | Movement of a body part TOWARD the midline.
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| Articular Cartilage | Hyaline cartilage that covers ends of bones in synovial joints.
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| Circumduction | Movement of a body part, such as limb, so that the end follows a circular path.
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| Compact Bone | Dense tissue in which cells are organized in osteons (haversian system) with no spaces.
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| Condyle | A rounded process of a bone, usually forming a joint.
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| Crest | A ridgelike projection of a bone.
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| Diaphysis | The shaft of a long bone.
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| Endochondral Bones | bone that begins as hyaline cartilage that is subsequently replaced by bone tissue.
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| Endosteum | Tissue lining the medullary cavity within a bone.
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| Epicondyle | A projection of bone above a condyle.
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| Epiphyseal Plate | Cartaginous layer within the long bone epiphysis that grows.
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| Epiphyses | The end of a long bone.
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| Eversion | Outward turning movement of the foot so that the sole faces laterally.
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| Extension | Movement increasing the angle between parts at a joint.
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| Flexion | Bending at a joint that decreases the angle between bones.
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| Fontanel | Membranous region between certain cranial bones in the skull of a fetus or infant.
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| Foramen | An opening, usually in a bone o r membrane.
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| Fossa | A depression in a bone or other part.
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| Hematopoiesis | The production of blood cells from dividing stem and progenitor cells.
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| Intramembranous Bones | Bone that forms from membrane like layers of primitive connective tissues.
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| Levers | A simple mechanical device consisting of a rod, fulcrum, wieght, and a source of energy that is applied to some point on the rod.
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| Marrow | Connective tissue in spaces within bones that includes blood forming stem and progenitor cells.
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| Medullary Cavity | A cavity containing marrow within the diaphysis of a long bone.
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| Osteoclasts | A cell that erodes bone.
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| Osteocytes | A mature bone cell.
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| Osteoblasts | A bone forming cell.
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| Periosteum | A fibrous connective tissue covering on the surface of a bone.
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| Process | A prominent bone projection.
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| Pronation | Turning the palm of the hand downward while the forearm is parallel to the ground.
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| Protraction | A forward movement of a body part.
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| Retraction | Movement of a part toward the back.
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| Rotation | Movement turning a body part on its longitudinal axis.
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| Sinus | A cavity or space in a bone, or other body part.
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| Spongy Bone | Bone that consists of bars and plates separated by irregular spaces; cancellous bone.
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| Supination | Turning the palm of the hand upward while the forearm is parallel to the ground.
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| Suture | An immovable joint.
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| Trochanter | A broad process (prominent bone projection) on a bone.
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| Tubercle | A small, rounded process on a bone.
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| Tuberosity | An elevation or protuberance on a bone.
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| What is the purpose of bones? | To provide a rigid framework and support structure for the whole body.
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| Bones are a safety deposit box for _____. | Calcium
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| Bone tissue contains lesser amounts of: | MagnesiumSodiumPotassiumCarbonate Ions
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| The two types of bone marrow are? | Red and Yellow
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| What are the different types of bones? | LongShortFlatIrregular
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| Compact Bone (cortical bone) | Hard, dense tissue in which cells are organized in osteons with no spaces.
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| Function of Compact Bones | Provides strength and resistance to bending.The wall of the diaphysis is mainly composed of compact bone.
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| When does bone formation begin? | The first few weeks of embryonic life and continues throughout adulthood.
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| Intramembranous Bone Formation | Develop from layers of connective tissue.Most simple and direct form of ossification.Skull bones and clavicles are formed in this manner.
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| Endochondral Bone Formation | Develops first as hyaline cartilage, which is later replaced by bone tissue.All other bones are formed in this manner.
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| The human skeleton has two divisions they are: | Axial and Appendicular
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| Axial Skeleton | Consists of bony and cartilaginious parts that support and protect the organs of the head, neck, and trunk.
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| Appendicular Skeleton | Consists of the bones in the upper and lower limbs and the bones that anchor the limbs to the axial skeleton.
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| How many bones are in the skull? | 22 Bones (8 Cranial Bones and 14 Facial Bones)
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| Frontal Bone | Anterior portion of the skull above the eyes.
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| Paretial Bones | One parietial bone is located on each side of the skull just behind the frontal bone.
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| Occipital Bone | Forms the back of the skull and the base of the cranium.
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| Temporal Bones | Form parts of the side and the base of the cranium.
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| Sphenoid Bone | Forms the central part of the floor of the cranium.
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| Ethmoid Bone | Form part of the roof of the nasal cavity.
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| Sutures: | Joints between the 8 cranial bones.
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| Sagittal: | midline between the two parietal bones.
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| Coronal: | between the frontal bone and the parietal bones.
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| Lambdoidal: | between the occipital and parietal bones.
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| Squamosal: | between the temporal and parietal bones.
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| Facial Skeleton: | Thirteen immovable bones and a moveable lower jawbone.
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| Facial Skeleton: | Form the basic shape of the face and provide attachments for muscles.
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| Facial bones include: | Maxillae.Palatine.Zygomatic.Lacrimal.Nasal.Vomer.Inferior nasal conchae.Mandible.
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| Infantile skull: | *Incompletely developed, with fibrous membranes connecting the cranial bones. *These membranous areas are called fontanels (soft spots).
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| Vertebral Column: | Consist of 26 vertebrae, separated by intervertebral disks.
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| Vertebral Column: | Extends from the base of the skull into the pelvic girdle.
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| The vertebral column is divided into five different sections: | CervicalThoracicLumbarSacrumCoccyx
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| Cervical Vertebrae | Consist of 7 vertebrae
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| Thoracic Vertebrae | Consist of 12 vertebrae.
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| True or false? Thoracic vertebrae are larger than cervical vertebrae. | TRUE!!!
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| Lumbar Vertebrae | Consist of 5 vertebrae.
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| Sacrum | Triangular structure, composed of five fused vertebrae.
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| Coccyx | The lowest part of the vertebral column.Composed of four fused vertebrae.
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| Thoracic Cage: | Contains 12 pairs of ribs, thoracic vertebrae, sternum, and costal cartilages.
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| This protects visceral organs and plays a role in breathing. | Thoracic Cage
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| Sternum: | Located midline in the anterior portion of the thoracic cage.
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| Sternum the flat, elongated bone develops in three parts: | Manubrium: the top portion. Articluates with the clavicles by facets on its superior border.Body: the middle portion. Xiphoid process: the bottom portion.
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| Pectoral Girdle: | Composed of two clavicles and two scapulae. Forms an incomplete ring that supports the upper limbs and is an attachment for several muscles that move them.
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| Clavicles: | Located horizontally between the manubrium and the scapulae.Function is to hold the shoulders in place and provide attachments for the muscles of the upper limbs, chest and back.
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| Scapulae: | Broad, triangular bones.The spine divides the posterior surface of each scapula into unequal portions.
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| Humerus: | Extends from the glenoid cavity of the scapula to the elbow.Second largest bone in the body.Articulates with the radius and ulna at the elbow.
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| Radius: | Extends from the elbow to the wrist and crosses over the ulna when the hand is turned so that the palm faces backward.Articulates with the humerus, ulna, and wrist.
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| Ulna: | Longer than the radius and overlaps the end of the humerus posteriorly.At the proximal end, articulates with the humerus.At the distal end, articulates with the radius laterally and with a disk of fibrocartilage inferiorly.
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| Hand: | Composed of 8 carpals, 5 metacarpals, and 5 sets of phalanges.
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| Carpal Bones: | Eight small carpal bones are firmly bound in two rows of four bones called the carpus.
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| Pelvic Girdle | Consists of two coxae bones that articulate with each other anteriorly and with the sacrum posteriorly.
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| These form the bowl shaped pelvis. | The sacrum, coccyx, and pelvic girdle.
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| Femur: | Longest bone in the body and extends from the hip to the knee.
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| Patella | kneecap
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| Foot: | consists of 7 tarsal bones, 5 metatarsal bones, and 5 sets of phalanges.
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| Cartilaginous Joint | Cartilaginous joints allow limited movement.Connected by disks of fibrocartilage or hyaline cartilage.Vertebrae connected to each other by fibrocartilage as are the two pubis bones.
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| Synovial Joints | Most joints in the skeletal system, which allow free movement.
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| Synovial joints are classified as: | Ball and Socket.Condyloid.Gliding.Hinge.Pivot.Saddle.
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| Ball-and-Socket Joint | Ball-shaped head of one bone articulates with the cup-shaped socket of another. (i.e. shoulder & hip joints)
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