Most common causes of..... USMLE review
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| Question |
 |
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| Answer |
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| Addison's |
Autoimmune (infection 2nd) |
| Dissecting aneurysm |
Hypertension |
| Aortic aneurysm (abdominal and descending) |
Atherosclerosis |
| Ascending aortic aneurysm |
Tertiary syphilis |
| Bacterial meningitis (adults) |
Neisseria meningitidis |
| Bacterial meningitis (elderly) |
Streptococcus pneumoniae |
| Bacterial meningitis (kids) |
Haemophilus influenzae type B |
| Bacterial menigitis (newborns) |
E. coli |
| Cancer associated with AIDS |
Karposi's sarcoma |
| Congenital adrenal hyperplasia |
21-hydroxylase deficiency |
| Cretinism |
Iodine deficit/hypothyroidism |
| Cushing's syndrome |
Corticosteroid therapy (excess ACTH secretion 2nd) |
| Death in CML |
Blast crisis |
| Death in SLE |
Lupus nephropathy |
| Dementia |
Alzheimer's (multi-infarct 2nd) |
| DIC |
Gram-negative sepsis, obstetric complications, cancer, burn trauma |
| Ejection click |
Aortic/pulmonic stenosis |
| Food poisoning |
S. aureus |
| Glomerulonephritis (adults) |
IgA nephropathy (Berger's disease) |
| Epidural hematoma |
Middle Meningeal Artery rupture (bleeding is fast) |
| Subdural hematoma |
Rupture of bridging veins (trauma; slow bleeding) |
| Hemochromatosis |
Multiple blood transfusions |
| Hepatic cirrhosis |
EtOH |
| Hepatocellular carcinoma |
Cirrhotic liver (often associated with Hep B and C) |
| Holosystolic murmur |
VSD, tricuspid regurgitation, mitral regurgitation |
| Secondary hypertension |
Renal disease |
| Hypoparathyroidism |
Thyroidectomy (Iatrogenic) |
| Hypopituitarism |
Adenoma |
| Infection in blood transfusion |
Hep C |
| Infection in burn victims |
Pseudomonas |
| Adult leukemia |
AML |
| "Machine-like" murmur |
PDA |
| Mental retardation |
Down syndrome (Fragile X 2nd) |
| MI |
Atherosclerosis |
| Mitral valve stenosis |
Rheumatic heart disease |
| Myocarditis |
Coxsackie B |
| Nephrotic syndrome (adult) |
Membranous glomerulonephritis |
| Nephrotic syndrome (kids) |
Minimal change disease |
| Opening snap |
Mitral stenosis |
| Osteomyelitis |
S. aureus |
| Osteomyelitis in pt with sickle cell disease |
Salmonella |
| Osteomyelitis with IVDA |
Pseudomonas |
| Actue Pancreatitis |
EtOH and gallstones |
| Chronic Pancreatitis |
EtOH (adults), CF (kids) |
| Peau d'orange |
Breast carcinoma |
| PID |
Neisseria gonorrhea (monoarticular arthritis) |
| Hospital acquired pneumonia |
Klebsiella |
| Pneumonia in burn victim or CF pt |
Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
| Preventable blindness |
Chlamydia |
| Primary amenorrhea |
Turner's syndrome (XO) |
| Primary hyperaldosteronism |
Adenoma of adrenal cortex |
| Primary hyperparathyroidism |
Adenoma |
| Pulmonary hypertension |
COPD |
| Right heart failure due to a pulmonary cause |
Cor pulmonale |
| Right-sided heart failure |
Left-sided heart failure |
| Sheehan's syndrome |
Postpartum pituitary infarct secondary to hemorrhage |
| SIADH |
Small cell carcinoma of the lung |
| UTI |
E. coli |
| UTI (young women) |
E. coli and Staphylococcus saprophyticus |
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