Most common causes of..... USMLE review
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each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Addison's | Autoimmune (infection 2nd)
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| Dissecting aneurysm | Hypertension
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| Aortic aneurysm (abdominal and descending) | Atherosclerosis
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| Ascending aortic aneurysm | Tertiary syphilis
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| Bacterial meningitis (adults) | Neisseria meningitidis
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| Bacterial meningitis (elderly) | Streptococcus pneumoniae
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| Bacterial meningitis (kids) | Haemophilus influenzae type B
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| Bacterial menigitis (newborns) | E. coli
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| Cancer associated with AIDS | Karposi's sarcoma
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| Congenital adrenal hyperplasia | 21-hydroxylase deficiency
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| Cretinism | Iodine deficit/hypothyroidism
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| Cushing's syndrome | Corticosteroid therapy (excess ACTH secretion 2nd)
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| Death in CML | Blast crisis
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| Death in SLE | Lupus nephropathy
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| Dementia | Alzheimer's (multi-infarct 2nd)
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| DIC | Gram-negative sepsis, obstetric complications, cancer, burn trauma
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| Ejection click | Aortic/pulmonic stenosis
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| Food poisoning | S. aureus
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| Glomerulonephritis (adults) | IgA nephropathy (Berger's disease)
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| Epidural hematoma | Middle Meningeal Artery rupture (bleeding is fast)
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| Subdural hematoma | Rupture of bridging veins (trauma; slow bleeding)
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| Hemochromatosis | Multiple blood transfusions
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| Hepatic cirrhosis | EtOH
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| Hepatocellular carcinoma | Cirrhotic liver (often associated with Hep B and C)
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| Holosystolic murmur | VSD, tricuspid regurgitation, mitral regurgitation
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| Secondary hypertension | Renal disease
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| Hypoparathyroidism | Thyroidectomy (Iatrogenic)
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| Hypopituitarism | Adenoma
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| Infection in blood transfusion | Hep C
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| Infection in burn victims | Pseudomonas
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| Adult leukemia | AML
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| "Machine-like" murmur | PDA
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| Mental retardation | Down syndrome (Fragile X 2nd)
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| MI | Atherosclerosis
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| Mitral valve stenosis | Rheumatic heart disease
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| Myocarditis | Coxsackie B
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| Nephrotic syndrome (adult) | Membranous glomerulonephritis
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| Nephrotic syndrome (kids) | Minimal change disease
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| Opening snap | Mitral stenosis
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| Osteomyelitis | S. aureus
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| Osteomyelitis in pt with sickle cell disease | Salmonella
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| Osteomyelitis with IVDA | Pseudomonas
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| Actue Pancreatitis | EtOH and gallstones
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| Chronic Pancreatitis | EtOH (adults), CF (kids)
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| Peau d'orange | Breast carcinoma
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| PID | Neisseria gonorrhea (monoarticular arthritis)
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| Hospital acquired pneumonia | Klebsiella
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| Pneumonia in burn victim or CF pt | Pseudomonas aeruginosa
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| Preventable blindness | Chlamydia
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| Primary amenorrhea | Turner's syndrome (XO)
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| Primary hyperaldosteronism | Adenoma of adrenal cortex
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| Primary hyperparathyroidism | Adenoma
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| Pulmonary hypertension | COPD
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| Right heart failure due to a pulmonary cause | Cor pulmonale
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| Right-sided heart failure | Left-sided heart failure
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| Sheehan's syndrome | Postpartum pituitary infarct secondary to hemorrhage
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| SIADH | Small cell carcinoma of the lung
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| UTI | E. coli
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| UTI (young women) | E. coli and Staphylococcus saprophyticus
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