World Religions-
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| Bhagavad-Gita | Hinduism, (200BCE-200CE) and the Ramayana. Hinduism stressed reincarnation, song, part of an epic poem. Tells how sons defeated cousins with help of god Krishna. Strikes a balance between mysticism and practical life
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| Vishnu | Hinduism, god of cosmic order, force of preservation in the universe. Tall regal man, usually with 4 arms
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| Krishna | Hinduism, one form of Vishnu, usually has blue skin
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| Shiva | Hinduism, god of destruction, brings re-creation, fertility, older form of man with horns in meditative position, often short columns resting on oval disks
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| Devi | Hinduism, female god – great mother
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| Brahma | Hinduism, god considered the creative force
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| Ramayana | Hinduism, epic poem
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| Caste system | Hinduism, reincarnation promoted acceptance of the Indian caste system
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| Brahmans | Hinduism,Priestly
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| Kshatriya | Hinduism,warrior/noble
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| Vaishya | Hinduism,peasant
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| Shudra | Hinduism,servant
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| dalit | Hinduism,the untouchable varna, who performed menial labor.
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| Varna | Hinduism, caste
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| Vedas | Hinduism, means knowledge or sacred love - Aryans (post Indus) sacred texts. Four compiled works describe religion, society, values, and thoughts
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| Hinduism | 2500 BC, - grew out of the Vedic traditions
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| Karma | Hinduism,moral consequences carried along with every act, moral law of cause and effect
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| Moksha | Hinduism,liberation/freedom – ultimate human goal, free from self interest
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| Sanskrit | Hinduism, ancient writing
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| Yoga | Hinduism, empty ones mind, meditation
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| Cows | Hinduism, are especially revered
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| Confucianism | (551–479 BC), values of honoring one's family, respecting the elderly, and revering the past and one's ancestors. Social harmony
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| Five Great Relationships | Confucianism, each person must live up to his/her role or status:Father/Son, Elder brother/younger sister, Husband/wife, Elder/younger, Ruler/subject
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| Yin & Yang | Confucianism, universe comprised of complementary opposites
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| Daoism | founded by Lao Zi, taught the Dao, or the “Way,”
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| acupuncture | Daoist beliefs. When administering acupuncture, practitioners attempt to unblock the flow of a person's life-force energy
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| Dao “The Way” | Daoism, to find harmony. Dao is a universal force that governs the world and its workings. People can gain harmony by withdrawing from the secular realm to contemplate nature
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| Dao de Jing (Tao Te Ching) | Daoism
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| Hundreds of deities | Daoism
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| Jainism | origins Hindu. Rejects one creator, rather universe is natural forces in motion. Extremist austerity version, similar to Hindu and Buddha.
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| 5 fundamental practices | Jainism, Ahimsa – nonharm, Non stealing, Chastity, Non attachment, Non lying
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| Mahavira | Jainism, great man. Believe that 24 people have attained perfection. Nattaputta Varhmana most recent. May have lived at the time of Buddha. Totally austere, when lost loincloth went naked thereafter. Organized monastery of naked monks.
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| Karma and reincarnation | Jainism,similar to Hindu and Buddhism
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| Sikhism | similar to Hindu and Muslim
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| Nanak | Sikhism,founder. Believed there was only one true god. Wore Hindu dahoti (cloth that forms pants) and orange Muslim robe
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| Sikh | Sikhism,means disciple
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| Beliefs | Sikhism,reincarnation, karma, one god
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| Militant | Sikhism,as preservation for their religion
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| Buddhism | began in the 6th century BC, moderation; midway between the worldly life and ascetic social withdrawal. Rejects idea of a creator
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| Siddhartha Gautama | Buddhism,India – became known as Buddha. when a young prince he went out and saw suffering. Meditated on the meaning of aging, death, and pain. He saw them as inevitable part of life, and also saw a release.
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| The Buddha | Buddhism, the Enlightened One (the Awakened one), and taught about the value of virtuous conduct, nonviolence, and poverty
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| Mahayana sutras | Buddhism, sacred texts, the Buddha as a god and savior
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| The Four Noble truths | Buddhism, to live is to suffer, suffering comes from desire, to end suffering end desire, and release from suffering is possible if you follow the 8 fold path
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| Eight Fold Path | Buddhism, right (correct or complete),Right understanding, Right intention, Right speech, Right action, Right work, Right effort, Right meditation, Right contemplation
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| Dharma | Buddhism, the sum total of Buddhist teachings on how to live and how to view the world
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| Sangha | Buddhism, community of monks and nuns
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| Nirvana | Buddhism, end of suffering, inner peace
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| Syncretism | merge and analogise several originally discrete traditions, especially in the theology and mythology of religion
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| Gandhianism | Mahatma Gandhi (1869 – 1948)- based in Hinduism
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| Gandhianism | Practical Wisdom and passive restraint, borrows from Hindu, Buddhist, Jain and Christian beliefs about nonviolence (ahimsa) and nonresistance
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| Monotheistic | believing in one God
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| Judaism | Believe in one God, believe in prophets, believe God gave the Law to Moses, believe one day a Messiah will come, believe there will be a resurrection of the good in the world to come
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| Torah | Judaism,Jewish bible (greek for books), 900 BCE
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| The Ten Commandments | Judaism, ethical precepts
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| Hanukkah | Judaism, celebrates rededication of 2nd temple
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| Kabbalah | Judaism,(handed down) all the volumes of Jewish literature.
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| Ghetto | Judaism, Jews forced to live in separate section of city that could be locked
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| Halakhah | Judaism,rabbinic religious law
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| Christianity | Jesus – taught universal love
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| The Two Great Commandments | Christianity, love God and love yourself
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| Golden Rule | Christianity, Do unto others as you would have them do unto you
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| Richard Niebuhr | Christ In Culture Theory
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| Christ In Culture Theory | Christ against culture (pious), Christ of culture (gospel glow), Christ and culture in paradox (separates God's kind and stern rule, Christ above culture (control over public life), Christ transforming culture (influence, not control)
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| Islam | surrender
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| Muslim | “people who submit to Allah”
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| Allah | Muslim, is supreme God. How should I live my life according to God’s will. Tradition of scholarly debate
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| Prophet Muhammad | Muslim,(570 - d. 632CE) – after revelations promoted kindness, honesty support of the poor, protection of the weak. Had experience of ascension and spoke to prophets Abraham and Jesus
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| Mecca | Muslim, Muhammad was born there, already a pilgrimage site due to large meteorite
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| Qur’an | Muslim bible (means recitations) sermons and recollections of followers
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| Five Pillars | Muslim, Creed (There is no god but Allah,Mohammed is his messenger), Prayer (5 times/day), Charity, Fasting (during Rwandan – month Mohammed received revelation), Pilgrimage to Mecca (at least once during lifetime)
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| Sharia | Muslim, entire body of laws, guides believer in this life
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| Shi’a tradition | Muslim, Believed that Ali (Mohammed’s cousin) was rightful successor.
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| Sunni tradition | Muslim, Mecca is in Saudi Arabia, so center of Sunni also in Egypt.
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| Sufism | Muslim, Israel, Syria, Egypt – deliberate simplicity. Usually organized around a charismatic leader. Mysticism core belief, you can have a ‘face to face” with God before death
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