MAJOR ENDOCRINE GLANDS & HORMONES
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| adrenal cortex | outer section (cortex) of each adrenal gland; secretes cortisol, aldosterone, and sex hormones.
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| adrenal medulla | inner section (medulla) of each adrenal gland; secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
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| ovaries | located in the lower abdomen of a female; responsible for egg production and estrogen and progesterone secretion.
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| pancreas | locted in the lower abdomen of a femlae; responsible for egg production and estrogen and progesterone secretion.
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| parathyroid glands | four small glands on the posterior of the throid gland. Some patients may have 3 or 5 parathyroid glands.
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| pituitary gland(hypophysis) | located at the base of the brain in the sella turcica composed of an anterior lobe(adenohypophysis) and a posterior lobe(neurohypophysis. It weighs only 1/16th of an ounce and is a half inch across.
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| testes | two glands enclosed in the scrotal sac of a male; responsible for sperm production and testosterone secretion.
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| thyroid gland | located in the neck on either side of the trachea; secretes throxine.
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| adrenaline | secreted by the adrenal medulla; increases heart rate and bolld pressure.
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| adrenocorticotropic (ACTH) | secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland(adenohypophysis); also called adrenocortictropin. Stimulates the adrenal cortex.
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| aldosterone | secreted by the adrenal cortex; increases salt reabsorption.
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| androgen | male hormone screted by the testes and to a lesser extent by the adrenal cortex; testosterone is an example.
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| antidiuretic hormone(ADH)vasopressin | secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland(neurohypophysis). increases reabsorption of water by the kidney.
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| calcitonin | secreted by the thyroid gland; decreases blood calcium levels.
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| cortisol | secreted by the adrenal cortex; increases blood sugar. it is secreted in times of stress and has an anti-inflammatory effect.
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| epinephrine(adrenaline) | secreted by the adrenal medulla; increases heart rate and blood pressure and dilates airways(sympathomimetic) it is part of the body's fight or flight reaction.
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| estradiol | estrogen(female hormone) sereted by the ovaries.
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| estrogen | female hormone secreted by the ovaries and to a lesser extent by the adrenal cortex.
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| follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH) | secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland (adenohypophysis)stimulates hormone secretion and egg production by the ovaries and sperm production by the testes.
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| glucagon | secreted by alpha islet cells of the pancreas;increases blood sugar by conversion of glycogen to glucose.
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| growth hormone(GH) | secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; stimulates growth of bones and soft tissues.
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| insulin | secreted by beta islet cells of the pancreas. insulin lowers blood sugar by transport and conversion of glucose to glycogen.
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| luteinizing hormone(LH) | secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland, stimulates ovulation in females and testosterone secretion in males.
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| norepinephrine | secreted by the adrenal medulla;increases heart rate and blood pressure. nor-in chemistry means a parent compound from which an other is derived.
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| oxytocin | secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland; stimulates contraction of the uterus during labor and childbirth.
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| parathormone(PTH) | secreted by the parathyroid glands; increases blood calcium.
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| progesterone | secreted by the ovaries; prepares the uterus for pregnancy.
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| prolactin(PRL) | secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland, promotes milk secretion
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| somatotropin(STH) | secreted by anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; groth hormone.
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| testosterone | male hormone secreted by the testes.
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| thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) | secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland. acts on the thyroid gland to promote its functioning.
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| thyroxine(T4) | secreted by the thyroid gland; increases metabolism in cells
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| triiodothyronine(T3) | secreted by the thyroid gland; increases metabolism in cells
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