Ch1 Rubenstein
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| Sequent Occupance | The notion that successive societies leave their cultural imprints on a place, each contributing to the cumulative cultural landscape. This is an important concept in geography because it symbolizes how humans interact with their surroundings.
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| Relative location | The position of a place relative to the places around it.
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| Absolute location | The exact position of an object or place, measured within some other place
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| Functional regions | nodal region Area organized around a node or focal point. The characteristic chosen to define a functional region dominates at a central focus or node and diminishes in importance outward.This region is tied to the central point by transportation or commu
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| size | Is the estimation or determination of extent.
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| Accessibility | The degree of ease with which it is possible to reach certain location from other locations. Accessibility varies from place to place and can be measured.
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| Connectivity | The relationships among people and objects across the barrier of space. Geographers are concerned with the various means by which connections occur.
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| Network | defined by Manuel Castells as a set of interconnected nodes without a center.
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| Friction of Distance | A measure of how much absolute distance affects the interaction between two places
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| Thematic maps | A type of map that displays one or more variables -such as population or income level - within a specific area
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| Cartogram | A type of thematic map that transforms such space such that the political unit with the greatest value for some type of data is represented by the largest relative area
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| Dot maps | Thematic maps that use points to show the precise locations of specific observations or occurrences, such as crimes, car accidents or births.
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| Choropleth maps | A thematic map that uses tones or colors to represent spatial data as average values per unit area
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| Isoline maps | Map line that connects points of equal or very similar values
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| Map scale | The ratio between the size of an area on a map and the actual size of the same area on the earth's surface.
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| Models | A simplified abstraction of reality, structured to clarify casual relationships and to help geographers explain patterms , make decisions and predict future behaviors
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| Demographic Transition | Process of change in society's population from a condition of high crude birth and death rates and low rate of natural increase to a condition og low crude birth and death rates, low rate of natural increase, and a higher total population.
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| Epidemiological Transition | Distinctive cause of death in each stage of the demographic transition
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| Gravity Model | A model that holds that the potential use of a service at a particular location is directly related to the number of people in a location and inversely related to the distance people must travel to reach to service.
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| Von Thünen’s Model | an agricultural model that spatially describes agricultural activity in terms of rent. Activities that require intensive cultivation and cannot be transported over great distances pay higher rent to be closer to the market. Also the converse is true.
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| Burgess’ Concentric Zone | Model of American City:5 land use rings around center city
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| Multiple Nuclei Model | mid 20th century American city: Several land use zones arranged around nuclear growth points
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| Christaller’s Central Place Theory | Model for how and where central places in urban heirarchy would be functionally and spatially distributed with respect to one another.
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| Absolute Distance | The distance that can be measured with a standard unit of length such as a mile or kilometer
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| Relative Distance | A measure of distance that includes the costs of overcoming the friction of absolute distance separating two places. Often relative distance describes the amount of social, cultural or economic connectivity between two places.
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| Place Name | Often referred to as a places toponym (the name given to a place on Earth.
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| Hoyt’s Sector Model | modification of concentric model; suggested that zones expand outward from the city center along railroads, highways, and other transportation arteries.
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| Weber Model | A model of industrial location which assumes that industrialists choose a least
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| Time Zones | A time zone is a region of the earth that has uniform standard time, usually referred to as the local time
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| Statistical Maps | A special type of map in which the variation in quantity of a factor such as rainfall, population, or crops in a geographic area is indicated
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| Equator | an imaginary line on the Earth's surface equidistant from the North Pole and South Pole that divides the Earth into a Northern Hemisphere and a Southern Hemisphere
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| North/ South Poles | lie opposite each other and determine the point where Earth’s imaginary axis meet the surface of the Earth
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| Distortion | A distortion is the alteration of the original shape (or other characteristic) of an object, image, sound, waveform or other form of information or representation.
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| Spatial Interaction | Movement between locationally separate places.
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| Hoyt’s Sector Model | modification of concentric model; suggested that zones expand outward from the city center along railroads, highways, and other transportation arteries.
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| Weber Model | A model of industrial location which assumes that industrialists choose a least
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| Time Zones | A time zone is a region of the earth that has uniform standard time, usually referred to as the local time
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| Statistical Maps | A special type of map in which the variation in quantity of a factor such as rainfall, population, or crops in a geographic area is indicated
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| Network | a system of interrelated buildings, offices, stations, etc., esp. over a large area or throughout a country, territory, region, etc.
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| Connectivity | the property of being connected or the degree to which something has connections
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| Accessibility | a general term used to describe the degree to which a product (e.g., device, service, environment) is accessible by as many people as possible
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| Spatial Interaction | Movement between locationally separate places
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| Natural landscape | landscapes beyond cultural influence
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| Linear | extended or arranged in a line
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| Centralized | to draw to or gather about a center.
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| Random | Having no specific pattern, purpose, or objective
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| Distribution | The arrangement of something across earth’s surface.
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| Clustered | A group of the same or similar elements gathered or occurring closely together; a bunch
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| Agglomerated | to collect or gather into a cluster or mass.
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| Absolute direction | the direction of place in reference to a map including the Earth's entire surface
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| Relative direction | Horizontal direction expressed as angular distance from heading.
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| Dispersed | To cause to separate and go in various directions; To disseminate
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| Scattered | lacking orderly continuity
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| Built Landscape | The built landscape is represented by those features and patterns reflecting human occupation and use of natural resources
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