Nerves - Misc
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| Where does the sciatic nerve begin? | from spinal nerves L4-S4
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| Where does the sciatic nerve exit the pelvis? | through the greater sciatic notch
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| Which muscles are supplies by the sciatic nerve? | the hamstring muscles
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| What are the 2 divisions of the sciatic nerve, where does it divide, and what muscles do they supply? | divides just above the popliteal space into the tibial nerve which supplies the (calf) and the common fibular nerve, which further divides into the superficial & deep fibular nerves serving the anterolateral muscles of the leg
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| What is the basic functional unit of the nervous system and what does it do? | the neuron, or nerve cell; it is a cell specialized to conduct impulses
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| What is an impulse? | an action potential
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| What are the 2 main divisions of the nervous system? | central nervous system: brain & spinal cord; peripheral nervous system: cranial nerve (come off the brain stem) & spinal nerves (come off the spinal column)
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| What does the brain stem consist of, from superior to inferior? | midbrain, pons, medulla
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| How many cranial nerves? How many spinal nerves? | 12 cranial nerves; 31 spinal nerves (C1-C7, C8, T1-T12, L1-L5, S1-S5, + 1 coccygeal)
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| What types of fibers are in the PNS? | afferent = sensory fibers: send info to CNS; efferent = motor fibers: send info from CNS to muscles
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| What are the 2 divisions of the motor or efferent division? | somatic nervous system: voluntary (conscious control); autonomic nervous system: involuntary; autonomic can be sympathetic or parasympathetic
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| What are the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems for? | sympathetic: fight or flight; parasympathetic: mostly secretion
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| What is are nerve processes? What are the processes of a neuron? | processes are nerve fibers; axons: long & few - conduct impulses away from cell body; dendrites - numerous & short - receive info from other neurons or the environment
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| What is the function of the neuron's cell body? | biosynthetic center of the cell; all metabolism takes place
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| What are other names for the neuron cell body? | soma or perikaryox
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| What do the Nissl bodies do; what are they comparable to? | synthesize protein; rough endoplasmic reticulum
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| What is the function of the nucleus? | control center
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| What is the myelin sheath | consists of mainly fat; serves as an insulator
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| What are myelinated fibers called? un myelinated fibers? | myelinated fibers are white matter; unmyelinated fibers are gray matter
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| What are other names for the synaptic knob? | axon terminal or Bouton
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| What part of neurons are conductors? receptors? | axons are conductors; dendrites are receptors
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| Which cells make myelin? in which systems? | oligodendrocytes make myelin in the CNS; Schwann cells make myelin in the PNS
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| What are the nodes of Ranvier? | intervals between the myelin sheath
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| What is saltatory conduction? | conduction in myelinated fibers
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| Describe how an impulse in conducted | 1) impulse is initiated at the axon hillock; 2) travels the length of the axon; 3) when it reaches the axon terminal, neurotransmitters are released; 4) neurotransmitter is received by another neuron or a muscle
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| What is a synaptic cleft? | space between the axon terminal and a muscle or the next neuron
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| What is a snyapse? | axon terminal of one neuron and another neuron, or of an axon terminal and a muscle
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| What is an astrocyte? | a support cell in the nervous system
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| What is a phagocytic cell? | it clears up neuronal debris and attacks bacteria that enter the nervous system; part ot the body's immune system
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| What is an ependymal cell? | it synthesizes CSF (cerebrospinal fluid); it is found in the Choroid plexus and lines the ventricles of the brain
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| What is a plexus? | network
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| What are ventricles? | open spaces
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| Where is gray matter found in the brain? In the spinal cord? | brain: gray matter is outside, white matter is inside; spinal cord: gray matter is inside; white matter is outside
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| What are other names for gray matter in the brain? | cerebral cortex; cerebrum
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| Where do sensory (afferent) fibers go? What are the 3 exceptions? | sensory fibers go to the contralateral cortex for all areas of the body, except for oropharynx, larynx, perineum
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| What are the general sensations? | touch, pressure, temperature, pain
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| What are the specialized sensations? | vision, hearing, smell, taste
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| What is cortical blindness? | when the optical nerves in the occipital lobe are destroyed, but the eyes themselves still work fine
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Created by:
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