anatomy and physiology of face, neck, and shoulders
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| Anatomy | study of the body structure and its makeup
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| Physiology | study of the body structure functions and activities
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| Histiology | study of the science of organic tissue makeup
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| Cells | the basic unit of all living cells
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| Protoplasm | a colorless jellylike substance containing food elements
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| Nucleus | dense protoplasm at the center of the cell that acts in cell reproduction and metabolism
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| Cytoplasm | all the protoplasm of a cell beyond the nucleus that contains food material for cell growth, reproduction, and self-repair
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| Cell Membrane | encloses the protoplasm and is a selective barrier
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| Mitosis | division of a parent somatic cell into two identical daughter cells
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| Metabolism | chemical process in living organisms to nourish cells and carry out their activities
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| Anabolism | constructive metabolism, building larger from smaller
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| Catabolism | decomposing metabolism, breaking larger into smaller
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| Tissue | collection of similar cells that perform a particular function
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| Water in Body Tissues | 60 to 90 percent
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| Connective Tissue Function | supports, protects, and binds together other tissues of the body
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| Epithelial Tissue Function | protective covering on body surfaces
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| Liquid Tissue Function | carries food, waste products, and hormones through the body
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| Muscular Tissue Function | contracts and moves the various parts of the body
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| Nerve Tissue Function | carries messages to and from the brain and controls and coordinates all bodily functions
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| Connective Tissue Example | bone
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| Epithelial Tissue Example | skin
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| Liquid Tissue Example | lymph
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| Muscular Tissue Example | muscle
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| Nerve Tissue Example | spinal cord
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| Organs | groups of tissues designed to perform a specific function
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| Brain | controls the body
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| Eyes | control vision
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| Heart | circulates the blood
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| Kidneys | excrete water and waste products
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| Lungs | supply oxygen to the blood
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| Liver | removes toxic products of digestion
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| Skin | forms external protective covering of the body
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| Stomach and Intestines | digest food
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| Systems | groups of bodily organs acting together to perform one or more functions
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| Ten Major Body Systems | MURDERSINC; U=E
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| Skeletal System | 206 bones connected by movable and immmovable joints, made of connective tissue: 1/3 animal matter and 2/3 mineral matter
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| Skeletal System Function | give shape and support the body
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| Skeletal System Function | protect various internal structures and organs
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| Skeletal System Function | serve as attachments for mms and act as levers to produce body movement
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| Skeletal System Function | help produce both WBC and RBCs
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| Skeletal System Function | store most of the body's calcium supply, and phosphorus, magnesium, and sodium
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| Joint | movable or immovable connection between two or more skeletal bones
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| Skull | made up of the cranium and the facial skeleton
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| Cranium | 8 bone protection of the brain; TOPFES
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| Occipital Bone | skull above the nape
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| Parietal Bones | (2) form the sides and crown of the cranium
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| Frontal Bone | forehead
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| Temporal Bones | (2) form the sides of the head in the ear region
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| Ethmoid Bone | between eye sockets
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| Sphenoid Bone | joins all the cranial bones
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| Facial Bones | 14 bones of the face
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| Nasal Bones | (2) nose bridge
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| Lacrimal Bones | (2) make up eye sockets
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| Zygomatic (Malar) Bones | (2) cheekbones
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| Maxillae | (2) upper jaw bones
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| Mandible | lower jawbone; largest and strongest facial bone
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| Vomer | part of nasal septum
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| Palatine Bones | (2) mouth palate
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| Inferior Concha | side walls of nasal cavity
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| Hyoid Bone | Main neckbone; U-shaped bone at the base of the tongue that supports the tongue and its muscles
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| "Adam's apple" | U-shaped bone
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| Cervical Vertebrae | Main neckbones; seven vertebral bones in the neck
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| Thorax | elastic, bony cage made up of the sternum, spine, 12 pairs of ribs, and connective cartilage protecting the heart, lungs, and other internal organs
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| Sternum | breastbone
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| Clavicle | collarbone
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| Scapula | shoulder blade
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| Shoulder Bones | clavicle, scapula, and head of humerus
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| Humerus | uppermost and largest arm bone; shoulder to elbow
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| Ulna | inner and larger forearm bone; elbow to wrist on pinkie finger side
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| Radius | outer and smaller forearm bone; elbow to wrist on thumb side
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| Carpus | 8 small, irregular wrist bones connected by ligaments
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| Metacarpus | 5 long, slender palm bones
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| Phalanges | 14 finger bones; 3 per finger and 2 per thumb
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| Muscular System Function | covers, shapes, and supports the skeleton tissue and contracts and moves various parts of the body
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| Muscular System | over 640 mms make up about 40 percent of the body's weight
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| Muscles | fibrous tissues that can stretch and contract to meet the demands of the body's movements
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| Striated Mms | skeletal or voluntary mms attached to bones
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| Nonstriated Mms | involuntary, visceral, or smooth mms found in internal organs
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| Cardiac Mms | involuntary mm makes up the heart (and nothing else)
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| Origin (of a mm) | part of mm that doesn't move (attached to skeleton)
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| Insertion (of a mm) | part of mm at more movable skeleton attachment
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| Belly (of a mm) | middle part of mm
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| Pressure in Massage | usually directed insertion to origin
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| Massage | hand or electric vibrator stimulates muscle tissue
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| Electrical Current | high frequency or faradic current stimulates muscle tissue
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| Light Rays | infrared rays or UV rays stimulate muscle tissue
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| Heat Rays | heating lamps or heating caps stimulate muscle tissue
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| Moist Heat | steamers or moderately warm steam towels stimulates muscle tissue
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| Nerve Impulses | through the nervous system stimulate muscle tissue
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| Chemicals | certain acids and salts stimulate muscle tissue
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| Scalp Mms | Epicranius or occipito-frontalis
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| Epicranius | covers top of skull in two parts, occipitalis and frontalis, connected by an aponeurosis
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| Occipitalis Location | back of epicranius
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| Occipitalis Action | draws scalp backward
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| Frontalis Location | front of epicranius
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| Frontalis Action | raises eyebrows, draws scalp forward, and wrinkles forehead
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| Aponeurosis | tendon
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| Ear Mms | auricularis superior, anterior, and posterior
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| Auricularis Superior Location | above ear
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| Auricularis Superior Action | draws ear upward
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| Auricularis Anterior Location | in front of ear
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| Auricularis Anterior Action | draws ear forward
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| Auricularis Posterior Location | behind ear
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| Auricularis Posterior Action | draws ear backward
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| Masseter and Temporalis | chewing muscles
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| Platysma Location | from chest and shoulder mms to side of chin
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| Platysma Action | lowers lower jaw and lip
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| Sternocleidomastoideus Action | lowers and rotates head
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| Corrugator Location | beneath frontalis and orbicularis oculi
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| Corrugator Action | draws eyebrow down and wrinkles forehead vertically
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| Orbicularis Oculi Location | rings around eye socket
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| Orbicularis Oculi Action | closes the eyes
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| Procerus Location | bridge of nose
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| Procerus Action | lowers eyebrows and causes wrinkles across bridge of nose
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| Buccinator Location | cheek between upper and lower jaw
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| Buccinator Action | compresses cheeks and expels air between lips
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| Depressor Labii Inferioris Location | surrounds lower lip
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| Depressor Labii Inferioris Action | depresses lower lip and draws it to one side
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| Levator Anguli Oris Action | raises angle of mouth and draws it forward
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| Levator Labii Superioris Location | surrounds upper lip
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| Levator Labii Superioris Action | elevates upper lip and dilates nostrils, as in showing distaste
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| Mentalis Action | elevates lower lip snd raises and wrinkles chin
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| Orbicularis Oris Location | surrounds upper and lower lips
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| Orbicularis Oris Action | compresses, contracts, puckers, and wrinkles lips
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| Risorius Action | draws corner of mouth out and back, as in grinning
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| Triangularis Location | alongside the chin
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| Triangularis Action | pulls down corner of mouth
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| Zygomaticus Major and Minor Location | from zygomatic bone to angle of mouth
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| Zygomaticus Major and Minor Action | elevate lip, as in laughing
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| Nervous System Function | coordinates activities performed inside and outside body
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| Principal Components of Nervous System | brain, spinal cord, and nerves
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| Main Subdivisions of Nervous System | central (cerebrospinal), peripheral, and autonomic
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| CNS or Cerebrospinal | consists of brain, spinal cord, spinal nerves, and cranial nerves + controls voluntary functions
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| PNS | carries impulses to and from CNS
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| ANS | controls involuntary actions of smooth mms, glands, blood vessels, and heart
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| Brain | largest and most complex nerve tissue in body
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| Number of Cranial Nerves | 12 pairs
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| Spinal Cord | from brain to lower extremity of trunk, protected by spinal column
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| Number of Spinal Nerves | 31 pairs distributed to mms and skin of trunk and limbs
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| Nervous System Composition | fine fibers called nerves and nerve cells called neurons
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| Afferent nerves | carry messages from sense organs to brain + also called sensory
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| Sensory nerves | carry messages from sense organs to brain + also called afferent
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| Efferent nerves | carry messages from brain to mms + also called motor
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| Motor nerves | carry messages from brain to mms + also called efferent
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| 5th cranial nerve | largest cranial nerve
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| 5th cranial nerve aka | trifacial or trigeminal
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| 5th cranial nerve is the chief | sensory nerve of the face
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| 5th cranial nerve serves as | the motor nerve of chewing mms
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| 7th cranial nerve is the chief | motor nerve of the face
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| 7th cranial nerve supplies and controls | facial expression mms
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| 11th cranial nerve | affects mms of neck and back
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| Cervical nerves | cervical cutaneous, greater auricular, greater occipital, lesser occipital
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| Circulatory system | controls steady circulation of blood through body via heart and blood vessels
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| Lymph vascular system | division of circulatory system that carries waste and impurities away from the cells
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| Lymph vascular system function | carry nourishment from blood to body cells, defend against invading bacteria and toxins, remove waste from body cells to blood, and provide fluid environment for cells
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| common carotid arteries | main source of blood supply to head, face, and neck
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| internal carotid artery | supplies blood to the brain, eyes, eyelids, forehead, nose, and internal ear
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| external carotid artery | supplies blood to anterior scalp. ear, face, neck, and side of head
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| jugular veins | blood from head, face and neck flow to heart through these on either side of the neck
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| endocrine | ductless and hormones
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| exocrine | ducts and secrete substances to purify body by eliminating waste
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| digestive | change food into nutrients and waste
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| digestion | takes 9 hours to complete
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