"Language of Med" Ch. 15 LTI-MA:509
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| Joints are? | The places where bones come together. Used for flexability of movement
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| Sesamoid Bones | Small,rounded bones resembling a sesame seed. Found near joints and they increase the efficency of of muscles near a particular joint.
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| Diaphysis | The shaft, or middle region of a long bone.
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| Epiphysis | The end of a long bone.
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| Epiphyseal line or plate | Represents an area of cartilage tissue that is constantly being replaced by new bone tisue as the bone grows. Also known as the growth plate.
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| Metaphysis | The flared portion of the bone. It lies between the epiphysis and the diaphysis.
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| Periosteum | Strong, fibrous,vascular membrane that covers the surface of long bones except for the end of the epiphyses
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| Articular Cartilage | The end of a long bone and the surface of any bone that meets another bone to form a joint, they are covered with this.
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| Compact (cortical) bone. | a layer of hard,dense bone that lies under hte periosteum in all bones and lies chiefly around the diaphysis of long bones.
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| haversian canals | small canals containing blood vessels that bring oxygen and nutrients to the bone and remove waste products such as carbon dioxide
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| Medulllary Cavity | the hollowed out central shaft of a long bonethat contains yellow bone marrow
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| Cancellous Bone | also known as spongy or tabecular bone it is porous and very dense
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| Bone Processes | enlarged areas taht extend out from bones to serve as attachments for muscles and tendons
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| Bone Head | rounded end of a bone separated from the body of the bone by a neck; usually covered by articular cartilage
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| Greater Trochanter | large process on the femer for attachment of tendons and muscle
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| Lesser Trochanter | is a small process
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| Tubercle | rounded process on many bones for attachment of tendons and muscles
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| Condyle | round, knuckle like process at the joint; usually covered by articular cartilage
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| Fossa | shallow cavity in or on a bone
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| Foramen | opening for blood vessels and nerves
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| Fissure | narrow, deep, slit-like opening
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| Sinus | hollow cavity within a bone
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| Sutures | joints of the cranial bones
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| frontal bones | forms the forehead and the roof of the bony sockets that contain the eyes
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| parietal bone | the 2 bones on each side of the skull that form the roof and upper part of the sides of the cranium
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| temporal bone | the 2 bones that form the lower sides and base of hte cranium
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| mastoid process | the round proces of the temporal bone behind the ear
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| styloid process | projects downward from the temporal bone
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| occipital bone | forms the back and the base of the skull and joins the parietal and temporal bones
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| foramen magnum | opening in which spinal cord passes
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| sphenoid bone | the bat-shaped bone that extends behind the eyes and forms part of the base of the skull
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| ethmoid bone | the thin, delicate bone that supports the nasal cavity and forms part of the orbits of the eyes
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| nasal bones | the 2 slender bones that support the bridge of the nose
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| lacrimal bones | the 2 small, thin bones located at the corner of each eye
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| maxillary bones | the 2 large bones that compse the massive upper jawbones
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| cleft palate | if the two maxillary bones do not come together before birth
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| mandibular bone | the lower jawbone
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| alveoli | socket where teeth are embedded
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| zygomatic bones | 2 bones, one on each side of the face that form the high portion of the cheek
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| vomer | the thin, single, flat bone that forms the lower portion of the nasal septum
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| sinuses | air cavities located in the cranial and facial bones
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| intervertebral disk | pads of cartilage that seperate bone
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| cervical vertebrae | C1-C7
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| thoracic vertebrae | T1-T12
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| Lumbar vertebrae | L1-L5
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| sacral vertebrae | triangular shaped bone
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| cocyx | tailbone
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| vertebral body | inner thick round anterior portion of the vertebrae
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| intervertebral disk | a pad of cartilage that provides flaxability and prevents shock to the vertebral column
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| spinous process | posterior portion of the vertebra
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| transverse process | a spinous process that protrudes behind the pubis bone
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| neural canal | space between the vertebral body and the vertebral arch through which the spinal cord passes
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| lamina | part of the vertabral arch
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| clavicle | collar bone
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| scapula | shoulder blade
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| sternum | breastbone
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| ribs | 12 pairs of these, first 7 join the sternum
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| xiphoid process | the lower portion of the sternum
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| manubrium | the upper portion of the sternum
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| humerus | upper arm bone
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| ulna | medial lower arm bone
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| olecranon | elbow bone
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| radious | lateral lower arm bone (lines with thumb)
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| carpals | wrist bone
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| metacarpals | the five radiating bones of the fingers
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| phalanges | finger bones
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| pelvic girdle | pelvis
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| ilium | upper part of the pubic girdle
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| ischium | outer part of the pubic girdle
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| femur | thigh bone
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| acetabulum | hip socket
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| patella | kneecap
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| tibia | large bone of the lower leg
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| fibula | smaller bone of the lower leg
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| tarsals | bones of the hind part of the foot
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| calcaneus | heel bone
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| metatarsals | bones of the midfoot
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| phalanges of the toes | bones of the forefoot
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| ewing sarcoma | malignant bone tumor
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| exostosis | bony growth arising from the surface of the bone
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| fracture | traumatic breaking of bone
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| colles fracture | fracture that occurs near the wrist joint at the lower end of the radious
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| crepitus | crackling sound produced by bones rubbing each other or against roughend cartilage
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| osteogenic sarcoma | malignant tumor arising from bone
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| osteomalacia | softening of bone, with inadequate amounts of mineral (calcium) in the bone
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| osteomyelitis | inflammation of the bone and bone marrow secondary to infection
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| osteoporosis | decrease in bone density/thining or weakening of bone
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| talipes | congenital abnormality of the hindfoot
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| bunion | swelling of the metatarsophalangeal joint
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| closed fracture | bone is broken but no open wound
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| open fracture | bone is broken and a fragment of bone protrudes through an open wound in the skin
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| pathologic fracture | disease of the bone such as a tumor or infection making it weak
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| comminuted fracture | bone is splintered or crushed into several pieces
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| compression fracture | bone is compressed; often occurs in the vertebrae
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| greenstick fracture | bone is partially broken; it breaks on one surface and only bends on the other
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| impacated fracture | one fragment is driven firmly into the other
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| reduction | restoration of the bone to its normal position
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| ORIF | open reduction/internal fixation
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| mestatic bone lesions | malignant tumors from other parts of the body that metastasize to bones
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| rickets | a softening of bones in children potentially leading to fractures and deformity
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