glaucoma allergy nsaids etc
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on it to display the answer.
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| Pemirolast | Alamast,Alegysal
Mast cell stabilizers
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| Nedocromil | Alocril
Mast cell stabilizers
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| Lodoxamide thromethamide | Alomide 0.1%
Mast cell stabilizers
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| Cromolyn sodium 4% | Crolom, Opticrom
Mast cell stabilizers
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| Mast cell stabilizers-indications? | Indications: Vernal,seasonal,atopic kerato/conjunctivitis
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| Antazoline phosphate | Vasocon-A H1 antihistamines - first generation
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| Pheniramine maleate plus naphazoline HCL (adrenergic agonist) | Naphcon-A H1 antihistamines - first generation
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| H1 antihistamines - first generation | Side effects: -ocular discomfort on instillation
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| Levocabastine | Livostin 0.05% H1 antihistamines - first generation
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| H1 antihistamines - second generation | Indications: Allergic conjunctivitis
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| Olopatadine | (Patanol 0.1%)
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| Ketotifen fumarate | (Zaditor 0.025%)
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| H2 receptors-tissues | Gastric parietal cells,Heart Blood vessels,Eyeblood vessels
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| H1 receptors-tissues | Bronchial smoothmusc., Heart,CNS,eye
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| ? Antagonist=Diphenhydramine | H1 blocker(not eye drop)
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| ? Antagonist=Loratidine | H1 blocker(not eye drop)
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| ?Antagonist=Cimetidine | H2 blocker(not eye drop)
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| ?Antagonist=Ranitidine | H2 blocker(not eye drop)
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| Which of the following ophthalmic drugs is an H-1 receptor antagonist only and is used for allergic conjunctivitis? A. Levocabastine B. Ketotifen C. Ketorolac D. Cromolyn sodium |
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| Which of the following ophthalmic drugs is an H-1 receptor antagonist only and is used for allergic conjunctivitis? A. Levocabastine B. Ketotifen C. Ketorolac D. Cromolyn sodium | A. Levocabastine (Livostin)
Levocabastine (Livostin) is an H-1 antagonist
Ketotifen (Zaditor) is a mast cell stabilizer AND H-1 receptor antagonist
Ketorolac (Acular) is an NSAID
Cromolyn sodium (Crolom, Opticrom) is a mast cell stabilizer
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| What percentage of patients that have sensitivity to penicillin will have cross-reactivity to cephalosporins? | About 10% of patients with penicillin allergy will cross-react, making the use of cephalosporins
potentially dangerous
Allergic reactions include: Itching, rash, hives, and anaphylactic reaction that can be fatal
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| Echothiophate | Cholinergic agonist
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| Unoprostone isopropyl | Rescula -Prostaglandin -glaucoma
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| Brinzolamide | Azopt
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| Carteolol | (Ocupress)
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| Non-selective Timolol | (Timoptic, Betimol)
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| Levobunolol | (Betagan)Non-selective
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| Metipranolol | (Optipranolol)Non-selective
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| Betaxolol | (Betoptic)β1-selective
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| β-adrenergic antagonists MOA | decreased aqueous
production (β2-adrenoceptor at the
ciliary body)
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| Which of the following beta-blockers would be the most effective for someone with mild bronchoconstrictive disease? A. Timolol B. Betaxolol C. Metipranolol D. Levobunolol | Betaxolol is B1-selective, a better choice in cases
with pulmonary disorders
Timolol, metipranolol, and levobunolol are Badrenergic
receptor antagonists that are B1/B2-
nonselective
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| Which of the following is not a typical side effect of topical beta-adrenergic antagonists? A. Dry eye B. Corneal anesthesia C. Alopecia D. Tachycardia | D. TACHYCARDIA
Topical beta blockers SE:
Ocular: Corneal anesthesia, ptosis, hypotony,
burning, superficial punctate keratitis, dry eye Systemic: Fatigue, psychosis, BRADYCARDIA,syncope, alopecia, nausea, impotence, altered response to hypoglycemia, a
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| Direct acting cholinergic agonists-name 2 Indirect-acting (irreversible) cholinergic agonists- name 1= inhibition of cholinesterase | Pilocarpine
Carbachol
Echothiophate
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| All of the following effects are seen when a directacting cholinergic agonist is used except: A. Miosis B. Increase in zonular tension C. Increased outflow facility D. Traction on peripheral retina | B. Increase in zonular tension
Direct-acting cholinergics include: Pilocarpine,acetylcholine, and carbachol
Direct-acting cholinergics cause: Contraction of the
iris sphincter, contraction of the circular fibres of the ciliary muscle with RELAXATION of
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| Glaucoma-Adrenergic α-2 agonists moa | Mechanism: α2 stimulation at the ciliary
body inhibits norepinephrine release,
leading to decrease aqueous production
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| Glaucoma-Adrenergic α-2 agonists side effects and RxRx | Side effects: conjunctival blanching,
eyelid retraction, mydriasis, allergy, dry
mouth, headache, potentiate MAO
inhibitors
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| Apraclonidine | Iopidine -Glaucoma-Adrenergic α-2 agonists
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| Brimonidine | (Alphagan)-Glaucoma-Adrenergic α-2 agonists
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| All of the following side effects may be seen when using apraclonidine except: A. Dry mouth B. Lid drooping C. Conjunctival blanching D. Lethargy | B. Lid drooping
Apraclonidine is an A2-adrenergic agonist
Side effects of Apraclonidine include: LID
RETRACTION, dry mouth, lethargy, conjunctival
blanching, and local allergy
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| All of the following effects may be seen with the use of dorzolamide except: A. Metallic taste B. Tingling in the hands and feet C. Skin rash D. Optic neuritis | D. OPTIC NEURITIS
Side effects of Dorzolamide include:
Numbness in the hands, feet, or lips, a metallic
taste to carbonated beverages, malaise,
anorexia, weight loss, nausea, somnolence,
depression, & local skin allergy
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