More Embryo final questions. Cranial development
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| Neurulation began on day | 22
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| cranial neuropore closed on day | 24
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| how many neuromeres are in prosencephalon? | 6
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| how many neuromeres are in mesencephalon | 1
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| how many neuromeres are in the rhombencephalon | 9
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| the prosencephalon and the telecephalon ________ while the mesencephalon remains _____________ | divide; the same
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| name the vessicles in craniocaudal sequence | telencephalon, diencephalon, mesencephalon, metencephalon, and myelencephalon.
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| within the vesicles, the neural canal is dialated to form a | primitive ventricle
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| the primitve ventricle becomes | definitive ventricles of brain
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| the brain tube bends in 3 places,,,,where? | 1. midbrain (mesencephalic flexure) 2.junction of myelencephalon and spinal cord (cervical flexure) and 3. developing pons (metencephalon)
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| name 2 parts of brain stem | myelencephalon, metenceph-alon, and mesencephalon
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| the cerebellum is a deritive of what? | the metencephalon.
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| what is is divisible into two basal (ventral) columns or plates and two alar (dorsal) columns or plates. | Spinal cord
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| The alar columns possess what kind of neurons? | association
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| The basal columns contain what kind of neurons? | somatic and visceral motor neurons.
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| all CNS cell types except the microglia are derived from | neuroepithelium lining the neural canal
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| describe 3 waves of CNS cell formation | first neuroblasts form neurons, then glioblasts form neuroglia, and then the neuroepithelium lining the neural canal differentiates into ependymal cells.
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| the neuroblast layer will be the ____________ | gray matter
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| the marginal zone of nerve fibers produced by cells of the mantle layer will be the | white matter
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| dorsal margin of alar plate becomes | rhomib lip and gives rise to cerebellum
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| rhombencephalic roof plate is thin and covered by a layer of | pia mater
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| the roof plate develops | the choroid plexus of the fourth ventricle,
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| a specialized structure that secretes cerebrospinal fluid. | choroid plexus of the fourth ventricle
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| Cranial nerves III through XII arise from | nuclei in the brain stem,
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| Cranial nerves I and II arise from ? | forebrain
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| Sensory Cranial nerves | I,II,VIII
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| Motor and Parasympathetic Cranial Nerves | III
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| exclusively motor cranial nerves | IV, VI, XI, XII
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| Mixed sensory and motor cranial nerves | V
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| sensry, motor and parasymp cranial nerves | VII, IX, X
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| Somatic Efferent (SE) column | motor to the extrinsic ocular muscles
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| Branchial Efferent (also Special Visceral Efferent- SVE): innervate | muscles of the pharyngeal arches and the trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles.
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| Visceral Efferent (also General Visceral Efferent- GVE): innervate | innervate salivary and lacrimal glands, the viscera, the sphincter pupillae and ciliary muscles of the eye.
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| General Visceral Afferent (GVA): receives | interoceptive information via CN IX & X
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| Special Afferent (also Special Visceral Afferent- SVA): receives | taste
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| General Afferent (GA): receives | touch, temperature, pain, etc. information from the face, oral, nasal, pharyngeal, and laryngeal cavities.
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| Special Afferent (also Special Somatic Afferent- SSA): receives | information on balance & hearing
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| The parasympathetic ganglia form two groups: | vagal ganglia in the walls of the viscera, and ganglia of CN III, VII, and IX which innervate structures in the head.
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| Ectodermal placodes include the | nasal, lens, or otic placodes as well as four epibranchial placodes
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| what is the portion of the brain stem most like the spinal cord functions as a relay center for pathways from the spinal cord to the higher centers, and contains centers for respiration, heartbeat, reflex movements, arousal, etc. | medulla Oblongata
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| This part of the brain stem serves mostly to relay information between the spinal cord and the cerebrum and cerebellum. | pons
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| This develops during the sixth week mostly from the rhombic lips of the metencephalon. | cerebellum
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| what forms Purkinje cells and Golgi cells | inner germinal layer
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| what forms basket neuroblasts, granule neuroblasts, and stellate neuroblasts, which will become cells of the same name | external germinal layer
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| what forms glioblasts which will become astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. | the germinal layers of cerebellar gray matter
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| The midbrain contains three cranial nerve nuclear groups...which ones ? | III, IV, and the mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus.
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| Two oculomotor (III) nuclei originate in | the midbrain,
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| The midbrain neural canal remains narrow and becomes the | cerebral aqueduct (of Sylvius).
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| The optic cups are outgrowths of the | diencephalon portion of forebrain
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| the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland are outgrowths of what? | diencephalon portion of forebrain
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| The telencephalon gives rise to the | commissures and other structures that join them, as well as the olfactory bulbs and olfactory tracts.
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| what forms the paired choroid plexuses of the third ventricle. | The diencephalic roof plate of forebrain
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| the lateral diverticulae of the telencephalon. form the | cerebral hemispheres
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| the corpus striatu is part of the "so called" what? | basal ganglia
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| The largest portion of the cerebral hemispheres develop into the | cerebral cortex.
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| The anterior commissure of forebrain connects | the olfactory bulbs and other olfactory centers during week 7.
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| The hippocampal or fornix commissure connects | the right and left hippocampi in the 9th week.
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| The massive corpus callosum connects the | right and left neocortices
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| neuronal histogenesis is regulated by | neurotrophic factors, neuron-glia interactions, extracellular matrix molecules, and sex steroids.
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