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| Co-designer of Central Park & Riverside, IL. Site planner for 1893 Columbian Expo |
Frederick Law Olmsted |
| Designer of Forest Hills Gardens & Palos Verdes Estates, 1st President of Amer City Planning Institute |
Frederick Law Olmsted Jr. |
| Author "Tommorrow: A Peaceful Path to Real Reform (1898). Garden City theory- central garden city, each city self-supporting, rely on central city for regional, pop of 32,000 prvent sprawl, single-tax land rent system. |
Ebenezer Howard |
| Author Plan of Chicago 1909 & Plan of Manila 1904. Mcmillian Committee Chairman-restore L'Enfant Plan D.C. Father of City Planning, White City concept for 1893 Columbian Expo - Said "Make no little plans..." |
Daniel Burnham |
| Author of Zoning 1916, concept of comprehensive zoning code. Based on this NY adopts 1st compre zoning ordinance in US. Regulate/limit bldg heights, bulk and area of yds & cts. divided city into districts or zones. |
Edward Bassett |
| Author of Image of City 1960. Professor at MIT. |
Kevin Lynch |
| Author of Death & Life of Great American Cities 1961. 4 conditions for city diversity (planners responsibility) mix of uses; small blocks; retain old bldgs; concentration |
Jane Jacobs |
| Author of Broadacre City; New Community Plan (1935). Lot sizes varied with family size,His agrarian ideea did not work - very outdated philosophy. |
Frank Lloyd Wright |
| Stricker standards of hsg, raised code expectations, required: tenement bldgs construct on Dumbell Plan; 2 toilets per floor, narrow air shaft between adj. bldgs; no more than 65% land coverage. |
New York Tenement House Law of 1879 "Old Law" |
| Required bldg permits, model for tenement laws in US, required: permits for const, alter, & conv; inspection, penalties for non-compliance; Tenemant Housing Dept to administer law; constr on 2 lots; larger & wider air cts between structures. |
New York State GTenement House Law of 1901 "New Law" |
| Land Use Zoning control of bldg hgth, setback & yard in 1 integrated ordinance. Divide city into 3 land use zones, 5 bldg height districts, classes of bulk & area according to height. Demise of City Beautiful & rise of City Efficient. |
New York Comprehensive Zoning Code |
| Shift away from direct govnt alternatives of city form via public projects to improvement of city through indirect legal/admin controls or private construction. |
New York Comprehensive Zoning Code |
| Issues by Dept of Commerce 1928. Adoption of each state to grant municipalities right to land use policy & control activiies. Issued after Zoning Enabling Act. |
Standard City Planning Enabling Act |
| Created PWA & FHA to stimulate constr & lower financing costs. Fed insur. mortgate lending by private inst. 20% down 20 yr loans optimize resale value |
Housing Act of 1934 |
| US Hsg Auth (YSHA)-loaned to local hsg authorities to build low-rent public hsg/low income hsg. Only hsg authorities not local govt. Req:rents <1/5 of income<3 or 1/6 >3; only subst units & eliminate when new built. |
Housing Act of 1937 |
| Fed Aid for urban redev -Title 1. Goal 800,000 hsg projs. Cities interfere in local private land market-"Decent home for every family in suitable environ" Include all not just low income. Distinction between slum clearance & low rent hsg. |
Housing Act of 1949 |
| Planning & implementing code enforcement program. Section 502, 504, Title V and Rural Housing Loans |
Housing Act of 1949 |
| Extended clearance programs of 1949 Act to rehab and conservation. Slum clearance, rehab, conservation. Compreh Plan for funds. Title 1, Sec 701 comprehsive planning programs for <25,000 with 50/50 match. |
Housing Act of 1954 |
| Community Development Block Grants-eliminate slums & blight; conserve & expand hsg stock; improve community services; expand economic opportunity. Benefit low & moderate income fam. Mis-managed & abused. |
Housing & Community Development Act of 1974 |
| Regs by local gov't can't prohibit, discrimate, inhibit provision of personal wireless service/equip. Deregulated broadcast, cable, telecom & video programming services. |
Telecommunications Act of 1996 |
| American City Planning Institute (ACPI) |
1917 |
| American Society of Planning Official (ASPO) |
1934 |
| ACPI renamed American Institute of Planning (AIP) |
1939 |
| ASPO & AIP become American Planning Association (APA) |
1978 |
| Formed in Kansas City 1917 to provide forum for city planning. Growing awareness of inadeq City Beautiful movement. Emphasis brought civil eng to forefront diminishing of roles of architects & LA's. Parent institute of AIP. |
American City Planning Institute (ACPI) |
| Created in 1934 result of Ohio St Conferance on City Planning. Citizen-focused created a clearinghouse for info about city planning to govt officials & increase communication. 1st president Alfred Bettman (author of Cincinnati Comprehensive Plan) |
American Society of Planning Officials (ASPO) |
| Central Place Theory |
Walter Christaller |
| Concentric Theory - As growth occurs each inner zone tends to invade next outer zone. |
Burgess 1925 |
| Sector Theory - Different income classes found in distinct areas describable in terms of sectors centered on the CBD. |
Hoyt 1939 |
| Multiple Nuclei Zone - no single center, several nuclei of activity, each influencing land use patterns of city. |
Harris and Ullman 1945 |
Buen Viaje lv.2 ch 8
