Planning Movements
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| Rooted in agriculture most humanly valuable. T. Jefferson & Hector St John de Crevecoeur | Agrarian (1800s)
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| total unrestricted competition in society ultimately benefits & individual hardships from competition essential to ultimate good of state. Exploit the poor... | Laissez Faire (1800s)
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| Gov't involvement in public health & safety of worker. max standards, min hsg standards, light & air provisions. | Public Health (1800s)
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| Beauty of public works projects to attract wealthy, pleasant life of poor, accessible to all men, create unifying civic pride. | City Beautiful (1900-1920s)
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| Create broad, tree lined aves, bring light, air, nature to the slum. | City Beautiful (1900-1920s)
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| Burnham, Lomsted, McKim, St Gaudens, Gottlieb; St. Louis Worlds Fair, Carnegie Libraries. | City Beautiful (1900-1920s)
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| Big business lost interest, awarenesss of corruption-movement declined but emphasis of physical site planning was internalized in planning movements regulating development of suburbs. | City Beautiful (1900-1920s)
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| Began with Columbian Expo at Chicago worlds fair in 1893, White City, 1st US example of great group of bldgs. designed in relation to each other and to surrounding open space. | City Beautiful (1900-1920s)
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| Anti-urban, agarian, predicated on: sacredness of nature, inherent immorality of the city, & return to pre-industrial village. | Garden City ((1920s in US)
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| Ebenezer Howard "Tommorrow Peaceful Path to Reform 1898) | Garden City ((1920s in US)
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| Lethchworth, England 1903-20, Welwyn England 1919-34, Radburn New Jersey 1928 | Garden City ((1920s in US)
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| Influenced by Howard's cities & Ray Unwin's "Hampstead Gardens" (1907). 1st compr suburban neighborhood design, planning & physical design of residential with spatial open, lush green, parks, shopping, schools. | Garden City (1920s in US)
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| "City of Motor Age", superblocks & cul-de-sacs, public pedestrian ways between properties to natural amenities (parks,schools), utilize underpass to cross busy sts. | Garden City:Radburn, NJ 1928
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| Not really "Garden City" DID NOT HAVE planned greenbelt, not self-contained,not single tax rent system | Garden City:Radburn, NJ 1928
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| Emergency Relief Act 1935, admin by Rural Resettlement Admin, created for soil conservation, relocate farmers from poor to good soil, owned & operated by fed govt until sold to private during Eisenhower admin in 1950s. | Greenbelt Towns: Greenbelt MD; Greenhills, OH; Greendale, WI (1935-50s)
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| Never built because RRA stopped by courts -Fed govt couldn't use power of eminent domain that way. | Greenbrook, NJ
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| Massive land subdivisions and single-family hsg projects with few community facilities & built on model of war hsg projects of 1940s. | New Towns: Levittown, NY & Park Forest, IL (1947-1948)
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| Major amenities, large open spaces, high quality physical design. 75,000 pop cluster plan in 7 villages (10,000 ea). Satellite cities rather than uncontrolled sprawl. 6,810 acres 22% open space-detached townhomes, apts. | New Towns: Reston, VA (1960s)
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| Overlapping communities | New Towns: Columbia MD (1960s)
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Sandy1101