biology final
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| natural selection | process by which individuals that are better suited to their enviornment survive and reproduce most successfully
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| artificial selection | selection by humans for breeding useful traits from the natural variation among different organisms
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| survival of the fittest | process by which individuals that are better suited to their enviornment survive and reproduce most successfully
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| fitness | ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in its enviornment
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| gene pool | combined genetic information of all the members of a particular population
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| adaptions | inherited characteristic that increases an organisms chance of survival
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| reproductive isolation | seperation of species or populations so that they cannot interbreed and produce fertile offspring
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| geographic isolation | two populations are separated physicall by geographic barriers such as rivers, mountains, or stretches of water
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| evolution | change in an organism over time
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| mutation | change in a dna sequence that affects genetic info
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| coevolution | process by which two species evolve in response to changes in each other
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| virus | particle made up of nucleic acid, protein, and in some cases lipids that can replicate only by infecting living cells
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| bacteria | domain of unicellular prokaryotes that have cell walls containing peptidoglycans
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| pathogens | disease-causing agent
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| lytic virus | process in which a virus enters a cell, makes a copy of itself and causes the cell to burst
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| lysogenic virus | process by which a virus embeds its dna into the dna of the host cell and its replicated along with the host cells dna
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| decomposer | organism that breaks down and obtains energy from dead organic matter
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| hyphae | tiny filament that makes up a multicellular fungus or water mold
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| rhizoid | a rootlike hypha that penetrates the surface of an object, in mosses along the cell that anchors the moss to the ground and absorbs water and minerals from surrounding soil
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| mycelium | many hyphae tangled together into a thick mass comprises bodies of multicellular fungi
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| antibiotic | compound that blocks the growth and reproduction of bacteria
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| prokaryote | a single celled organism lacking a nucleus
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| eukaryotes | orgnism whose cells contain nuclei
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| multicellular | more than one cell
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| unicellular | one cell
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| angiosperms | flowering plants; bears its seeds within a layer of tissue that protects the seed
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| gymnosperms | seed plant that bears its seeds directly on the surface of cones
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| cones | cone in gymnosperms that produces male gametophytes in the form of pollen grains
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| seeds | embryo of a living plant that is encased in a protective covering and surrounded by a food supply
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| pollen | male gametophyte in seed plants
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| plant ovary | a flower structure that contains one or more ovules from which female gametophtes are produced
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| dicot | angiosperm whose seeds have two cotyledons
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| monocot | angiosperm whose seeds have one cotyledon
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| xylem | vascular tissue that carries water upward from the roots to every part of a plant
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| phloem | vascular tissue responsible for the transport of nutrients and the carbohdrates produced by photosynthesis
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| taproot | primary foot found in some plants that grows longer and thicker than other roots
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| fibrous root | part of a root system in which roots branch to such an extent that no single rootgrows larger than the rest
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| diffusion | molecules tend to move to an area where they are more concentrated to an area where they are less concentrated
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| transpiration | loss of water from a plant through its leaves
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| capillary action | tendency of water to rise in a thin tube
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| tree rings | tells tree age
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| guard cell | controls the opening and closing of stomata by responding to water pressure
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| stoma | opening in the underside of a leaf that allows carbon dioxide and oxygen to diffuse into and out of the leaf
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| bilateral symmetry | body plan in which only a single imaginary line can divide the body into two equal halves
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| radial symmetry | body plan in which body parts repeat around the center of the body
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| asymmetry | lack of balance or symmetry
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| nerve net | loosely organized network of nerve cells that together allow cnidarians to detect stimuli
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| nematocysts | the stinging structure within each cnidocyte of a cnidarian, used to poison or kill prey
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| polyp | usually sessile stage of the life cycle of a cnidarian that has a cylindrical body with arm like tenticles
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| medusa | motile stage of the life cycle of a cnidarian that has a bell shaped body
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| ganglia | group of nerve cells
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| eye spot | group of cells that can detect changes in the amount of light in the enviornment
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| segmentation | dividing into segments
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| setae | bristle attached to the segments of many annelids
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| coelom | fluid filled body cavity lined with mesoderm
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| mantle | thin layer of tissue that covers most of a mollusks body
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| visceral mass | area beneath the mantle of a mollusk that contains the internal organs
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| foot | muscular part of a mollusk
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| exoskeleton | tough external covering that protects and supports the body of man invertebrates
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| molting | process in which an arthropod sheds its exoskeleton and manufactures a larger one to take its place
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| book lungs | organ tat has layers of respirator tissue stacked like the pages of a book
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| endoskeleton | structural support located inside the body of an animal
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| closed circulatory system | system in which blood is contained within a network of blood vessels
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| open circulatory system | system in which blood is not always contained within a network of blood vessels
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| vertebrate | animal that has a vertebral column or backbone
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| invertebrates | animal that does not have a backbone or vertebral column
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| lungs | spongy saclike respiratory organs occupying the chest cavity together with the heart to remove carbon dioxide from blood adn replaces it with oxygen
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| swim bladder | internal gas-filled organ in many bony fishes that adjusts their buoyancy
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| gills | filamentous organ in aquatic animals specialized for the exchange of gases with water
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| exothermic | releasing heat
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| air sacs | allows for the one way flow of air through the respiratory system of birds
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| endothermic | animal that generates its own body heat and controls its body temperature from within
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| monotreme | egg laying mammal
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| placental | membranous vascular organ that develops in female mammals, lining the uterine wall and partially enveloping fetus attached by umbillical cord
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| marsupial | mammal which bears live young that complete their development in an external pouch
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| ossification | process of bone formation during which cartilage is replaced by bone
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| ligament | strip of tough connective tissue that holds bones together at a joint
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| tendon | tough connective tissue thats joins skeletal muscles to bones
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| lymphatic system | interconnected system of spaces and vessels between body and tissue and organs by which lymph circulates throughout the body
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| blood pressure | pressure exerted by blood against walls of the blood vessels especially the arteries
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Created by:
allie marie