Bio - Unit 2 - Exchange and Transport, ENergy and Ecosystems
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| Blood Vessels | blood vessels carry blood between the heart, different tissues, and organs of the body. three types of blood vessels: arteries, veins, and capillaries | (blank)
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| Double circulatory system | consists of: 1. systemic circulation->blood pumped (from left side of heart) to various tissues & organs, and 2. pulmonary circulation->where blood is pumped (from right side of heart) to the pulmonary cappilaries of the lungs | exist in mammals
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| Myocardium | thick, muscular layser which the wall of the heart contains, | consists of cardiac muscle
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| coronary arteries | arteries that supply the heart with oxygenated blood | (blank)
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| aorta | largest artery in the body which has its origin at the heart->gives off branches to the extremities, neck and major organs for the purpose of supplying oxygenated blood. | (blank)
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| myogenic | unlike striated muscles, cardiac muscles are SELF-EXITING | (blank)
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| the cardiac cycle consists of: | 1. atrial systole->contraction of the Atria, 2. ventricular systole->contraction of the Ventricles, 3. complete cardiac diastole->relaxation of hte Atria and Ventricles | (blank)
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| diploid | cell with a full set of genetic material->has one chromosome from each parental set. | The diploid human genome has 46 chromosomes
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| gametes | (eggs and sperm) ->contain a single set of chromosomes (haploid). | (blank)
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| homologous | Having the same evolutionary origin but serving different functions; "the wing of a bat and the arm of a man are homologous | 2 homologous chromosomes share following characteristics: 1. same lenght, 2. same position of centromere, 3. contain same No of genes, 4. same linear order of genes.
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| Synapsis | homolougus chromosomes that pair up precisely along their lenght. this process is known as synapsis and occurs during meiosis in prophase 1. | (blank)
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| Chiasmata | members of of homologous chromosomes , the chromatid pairs seem to repel and attract each other->at points of attraction, non-sister chromatids break and rejoin at exactly corresponding location.->known as crossing over | formation of chuasmata. (during prophase 1 of meiosis?)->more than one can form
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| Gametogenesis | process which results in the formation of fametes (special form of cell division->meiosis, in which the No of chromosomes is halved) | (blank)
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| Spermatogenesis | begins at puberty and continues through life.-> | (blank)
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| Spermatognia | => sperm cells->divide by mitosis->which give rise to further speratogonia | (blank)
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