Quantitative & Qualitative
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| Assignment of # or symbols (renaming, categorical) for purpose of designating subclasses that represent unique characteristics. Weakness level of measurement, meaningless to find mean, standard deviations, etc. | Nominal Scale
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| Assignment of # or symbols identifying ordered relationships of some characteristic but having unspecified intervals. | Ordinal
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| Assignment of # for purpose of identifying ordered relations of some characteristic. Can mathematically see differences between values on the scale. (ie. temperature) | Interval Scale
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| Assignment of # for purpose of identifying ordered relations of some characteristic, order having arbitrarily assigned & equal interval and absolute zero point. Meets math assumptions to perform arithmetic operations. | Ratio Scale
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| nominal and sometimes ordinal | Qualitative
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| interval or ratio | Quantitative
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| Takes on finite number of values. Generally whole numbers. | Discrete variable
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| Where any numaber value can change to another in a given moment (ie. interest rate) | Continuous variable
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| fixed value throughout time (ie. male or female) | Dichotomous variable
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| Basic tool for organizing data. Helps researcher "see" data. Easy to sort from lowest to highest values. Count # of occurances. Add % of occurrance for each score and cumulative frequency. | Frequency Distribution
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| Most frequent score in distribution. Can have more hatn one mode - b i-modal. | Mode
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| sum of scores in distribution divided by number of scores. | Mean
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| Midpoint or midscore in distribution 50% of observations fall above, 50% below. Can be calculated for ordinal, interval or ratio data. | Median
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| Probability of distribution that is symmetrical around the mean. A BELL CURVE. | Normal Distribution
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| Probability curve where a few high numbers pulls the mean to the right. | Skewed right
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| Probability curve where few low numbers pulls the mean to the left | Skewed left
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| Difference between highest and lowest score | Range
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| Measure of how spread out a distribution is. Computed as average squared deviation of each number from its mean. | Variance
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| Test viability of null hypothesis in light of experimental data. Depending on data, null hypothesis either will or will not be rejected as a viable possibility. | Hypothesis Testing
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| Reverse of what experimenter actually believes;put forward to allow data to contradict it. | Null Hypothesis
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| Statement expressing relationships between phenomena. Acceptance or non-acceptance upon logical analysis of data using scientific method. 1st describe prediction (trying to prove)- 2nd describe possible outcomes. | Research Hypothesis
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| Test statistic provides a measure of the amount of difference between the two frequency distributions. | Chi Square - non-parametric
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| Difference between the cost of a particular policy or project to gov unit & benefits to gov unit. | Fiscal Impact Analysis
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| Cost & benefits of competing altern during life of program. Impact of inflation. Present value cals give future value by applying discount rate-considers impact of inflation & growth of services over time. Actual dollars-no inflation, constant dollars yes | Cost Benefit Analysis
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| The location quotient (LQ) is an index for comparing an area's share of a particular activity with the area's share of some basic or aggregate phenomenon. | Location quotient
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| a technique sometimes used for forecasting land use, most often for forecasting changes in a set of urban areas or regions. (ie. employment and population are growing or declining) | shift-share analysis
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| Decomposes employment growth (or decline) in a region over a given time period into three components: (1) a national growth effect, (2) an industry mix effect, (3) a competitive effect. Sum of these three effects equals the actual change in total employme | shift-share analysis
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| examines historical trends in the regional economy, including recent changes in employment and business establishments, civilian labor force and unemployment rates, wages, labor force skill levels, and other related data. | Economic Base analysis
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| quantifies the multiple economic effects resulting from a change in the final demand for a specific product or service. | Input-Output Economic Analysis
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| Used to analyze the profitability of an investment or project. Sensitive to the reliability of future cash inflows that an investment or project will yield. | Net Present Value
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| Frequency distribution of one variable when another is held fixed at each of the several levels. | Regression
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| concerns a number of procedures concerned with comparing two averages. | T-test
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| Most comprehensive approach to project eval. Shows anticipated attainment of projects goal and assignment of accomplishing goal to a group. | Goals Achievement Matrix (GAM)
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| Focuses on single objective and projects effeictiveness with respect to that objective. When 2 or more projects achieve same level of service, comparision comes down to cost. | Cost Effectiveness Analysis (CEA)
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| Compares community gains from project to what community must forego in order to achieve. Project with higher ratio that 1 provides more benefits than costs. | Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA)
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| Focuses on costs and revenues associated with specific form of growth. Resust is statement of net govt surplus or deficit expressed in financial terms. | Cost Revenue Anslysis (CRA)
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| Scheduling technique that graphically depicts inter-relationships of tasks that constitute project. | PERT -Program evaluation and review technique
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| Used to determine most critical steps to keep project going. | Critical Path Programming
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| Determines whether project will generate sufficient revenues to defray public service costs. | Fiscal Impact Analysis
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| Industries that draw money into economy from outside its borders. | Basic Industries
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| Industries serve the needs of local populance and businesses in localities borders. | Non-basic Industries
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| Ratio of employment in basic industries to non-basic industries that utilizes economic multipliers. Varies with size of community. Larger community, larger multiplier. | Export Ratio
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| Technique to monitor real pattern of money flows. Increase in production in one industry results in increases in other industries. Shows relationships among sectors of an economy. | Input-Output modeling
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| Two cities attract retail trade from any mid-sized town in direct proportion to population of 2 cities and in inverse proportion to the square of the distances from these 2 cities from the mid-sized town. | Retail Gravitational Law (by W.J. Reilly)
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Created by:
Sandy1101