Pharm test 2 random questions lilk8tob
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| NSAIDs work by | Inhibiting the arachidonic pathway (the pathway that causes inflammation, pain and fever
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| Benefit of COX-2 inhibitors | These do not inhibit COX-1 activity (which normally maintains an intact GI mucosa)- GI ulceration is lessened
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| Aspirin's unique property | helps prevent platelet aggregation
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| Signs of chronic salicylism in adults | tinnitus and hearing loss
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| signs of chronic salicylism in children: | hyperventilation and CNS effects (dizziness, drowsiness, behavior changes)
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| Is a nonsalicylate NSAID overdose (non-aspirin) worse than a salicylate OD? | No, the symptoms are less dangerous in nonsalicylate OD
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| NSAIDs + alcohol = | increased GI bleeding
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| NSAIDS + anticoagulants = | increased bleeding tendencies, platelet inhibition
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| Aspirin & other salicylates + NSAIDS = | Increased GI toxicity w/ no therapeutic advantage
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| acetylsalicylic acid AKA: | Aspirin (ASA)
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| Only NSAID available in oral, opthalamic & parenteral dosage forms | Ketorolac (Toradol)
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| Gout is caused by | excessive uric acid prodiction, causing urate crystals to form in the joint & initiate an inflammatory response
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| how does allopurinol (Zyloprim) work? | prevents uric acid production (gout caused by excessive uric acid)
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| Side effects of allopurinol (Zyloprim) *antigout* | blood dyscrasias such as agranulocytosis (low WBC), aplastic anemia, and exfoliative dermatitis (fatal)
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| Patients at higher risk for allergic reactions to salicylates (aspirin) | asthma patients
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| Why not give aspirin to children under 12? | risk of Reye's syndrome ~ life-threatening encephalopathy, liver damage (occurs after chickenpox w/ aspirin)
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| Special considerations for allopurinol (Zyloprim) | Increase fluid intake to 3-4L/day, don't use alcohol or caffeine (these increase uric acid levels & decrease level of drug)
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| How do immunosuppressants work? | Selectively suppress certain T-lymphocyte cell lines, thereby preventing their involvement in the immune response
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| Indications for immunosuppressants (3) | prevention of organ rejection, rheumatid arthritis, MS
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| Contraindications for immunosuppressants | renal or hepatic failure, hypertension, current radiation therapy
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| Side effects of azathioprine and cyclosporine | blood dyscrasias, hepatotoxicity, neurotoxicity, nephrotoxicity
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| side effects of muromonab-CD3 | chest pain, chills, GI symptoms, flulike symptoms, fluid retention
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| immunosuppressants- check these functions: | renal and liver
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| lab values needed w/ cyclosporine | Hgb, Hct, WBC & platelet before, during and after therapy
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| Might need ____ while taking cyclosporine | antifungal for Candida infections of the oral cavity (check for white patches)
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| Antibiotics in the beta-lactam group | penicillins, cephalosporins
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| Sulfonamides are used primarily for: | Treatment of UTIs because they reach high kidney concentrations
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| Most common reaction to sulfonamides | delayed cutaneous reaction; fever followed by rash
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| Bactrim used for: | UTI's, respiratory infections, ear infections
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| Penicillins destroy: +/- | Gram + (very little effect on G-)
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| Most common allergic rxns to Penicillins | urticaria (hives), pruritus (itching) and angioedema
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| Important patient warning about penicillins: | decrease effectiveness of BC pills
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| Drug group closely related to Penicillins | cephalosporins
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| 1st gen. cephalosporin effective against: | G+
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| 2nd gen. cephalosporin effective against: | intermediate G+ and G-
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| 3rd generation cephalosporin effective against | best G-, less G+ than 1st and 2nd generations
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| 4th gen. cephalosporin effective against | strong G-, but better G+ than the 3rd generation
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| Important warning for patients on cephalosporins | Decrease the effectiveness of birth control pills
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| Cefazolin sodium (Ancef, Kefzol) effective against | G+
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| Which drug can pass through the meninges and diffuse into the CSF? | ceftriaxone (Rocephin) a cephalosporin
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| This drug increases the motility of the GI tract | Erythromycin (EryPed, EES) a macrolide
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| Causes tooth discoloration | Tetracycline
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| Tetracyclines are drugs of choice for: | chlamydia, mycoplasma, rickettsia
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| the "big guns" - bacteriocidal antibiotics that destroy bacteria (can't be given orally); are very potent, so are reserved for the more serious infections | Aminoglycosides
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| Aminoglycosides toxicities | ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity
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| blood tests to do while on aminoglycosides | BUN, creatitine
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| This drug can affect the cartilage development in children | Quinolones
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| Quinolones are used for: | UTI's, STD's, Anthrax, typhoid fever, lower resp., skin infections
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| Don't take these things while on Quinolones | antacids, iron or zinc
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| Kills difficult-to-kill bacteria, such as Pseudomonas | Ciprofloxacin (Cipro)
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| antibiotic of choice for treatment of MRSA infection | Vancomycin (Vancocin)
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| Vancomycin (Vancocin) is not effective against: | G-, fungi, or yeast
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| Side effects of vancomycin (Vancocin) | ototoxicity, neprhotoxicity, *need specific drug level in body
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| Redman's syndrome might occur with | Vancomycin
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| Symptoms of Redman's syndrome | low BP, flushing of neck and face
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| How do antiviral meds work? | interfere w/ viral replication
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| What are slow acetylators? | People with a genetic defect that causes a deficiency in the enzyme needed to metabolize isoniazid (TB drug)
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| Isoniazid (INH) is metabolized in the : | liver
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| Don't mix Isoniazid (INH) and: | alcohol
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| Fungal infection is called | mycosis
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| antifungal drugs are hard on the | liver
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| antifungal that can pass into CSF | fluconazole (Diflucan)
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| do not take what with metronidazole (Flagyl) | alcohol
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| side effects of metronidazole (Flagyl) antiprotozoal | headache, dizziness, blurred vision, metallic tasts, abdominal cramps, dark urine, leukopenia, bone marrow depression, rash, flushing
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| Do not take Metronidazole when? | during 1st trimester of preg.
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| Mebendazole (Vermox) is used for | roundworm and a few types of tapeworm infections
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| Side effects of Mebendazole (Vermox) | myelosuppression (suppression of the bone marrow's production of blood cells and platelets), diarrhea, abdominal pain
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| Liver blood tests while on antifungals | ALT and AST
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| Must treat whole family with this drug | Mebendazole (Vermox) - antihelmintic
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lilk8tob