Mrs. Yust/ Genetics
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| somatic cell | any cell other than a germ cell
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| gamete | a mature sexual reproductive cell, as a sperm or egg, that unites with another cell to form a new organism
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| homologous chromosome | one of a pair of chromosomes that match up at meiosis and are identical in morphology and arrangement; a chromosome with the same gene sequence as another, each derived from one parent
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| autosome | any chromosome other than a sex chromosome
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| sex chromosome | Either of a pair of chromosomes, usually designated X or Y, that combine to determine the sex and sex-linked characteristics of an individual, with XX resulting in a female and XY in a male
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| sexual reproduction | reproduction involving the union of gametes
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| fertilization | The union of male and female gametes to form a zygote
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| diploid | an organism or cell having double the basic number of chromosomes
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| haploid | an organism or cell having only one complete set of chromosomes.
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| meiosis | part of the process of gamete formation, consisting of chromosome conjugation and two cell divisions, in the course of which the diploid chromosome number becomes reduced to the haploid
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| germ cell | the sexual reproductive cell at any stage from the primordial cell to the mature gamete.
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| gametogenesis | the development of gametes
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| sperm | a male reproductive cell
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| egg | a female reproductive cell
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| polar bodies | one of the minute cells arising from the unequal meiotic divisions of the ovum at or near the time of fertilization
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| crossing over also called synapsis | the pairing of homologous chromosomes, one from each parent, during early meiosis
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| tetrads | a group of four chromatids formed by synapsis at the beginning of meiosis
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| flagellum | a long, lashlike appendage serving as an organ of locomotion in protozoa, sperm cells, etc
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| Mendel | Moravian (monk) botanist who determined, through experiments with garden peas, the laws of heredity that later became the foundation for the science of genetics
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| trait | a distinguishing characteristic or quality
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| genetics | Study of heredity
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| genes | the basic physical unit of heredity
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| purebred | all of whose ancestors derive over many generations from homozygous traits
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| self-pollination | the transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma of the same flower, another flower on the same plant, or the flower of a plant of the same clone
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| cross | a mixing of breeds
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| P generation | parental plants
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| F1 generation | hybrid offspring
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| F2 generation | next generation of plants
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| masked | Ont trait hides the other
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| ratio | A relationship between numbers
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| law of segregation | during the production of gametes the two copies of each hereditary factor segregate so that offspring acquire one factor from each parent
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| locus | specific locations of genes along the chromosome
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| allele | alternative forms of genes
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| homozygous | pair of identical alleles for a characteristic
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| heterozygous | two different alleles for a characteristic
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| human genome project | the production of gametes the two copies of each hereditary factor segregate so that offspring acquire one factor from each parent
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| genome | a full set of chromosomes; all the inheritable traits of an organ
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| genotype | genetic makeup
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| phenotype | physical traits
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| dominant | the allele that is fully expressed
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| homozygous dominant | pair of identical dominant alleles for a characteristic
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| homozygous recessive | pair of identical recessive alleles for a characteristic
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| recessive | the allele that has no noticeable effect on the organism's appearance
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| Punnett Square | a type of grid used to show the gametes of each parent and their possible offspring; a type of grid that can indicate all the possible outcomes of a genetic cross
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| monohybrid cross | A cross with only one characteristic
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| testcross | a mating between an individual of unknown genotype and a homozygous recessive individual.
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| dihybrid cross | A cross with two characteristics
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| simple dominance | One trait completely masks the other
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| Incomplete dominance | hybrids have an appearance in between the phenotypes of the two parental varieties
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| law of independent assortment | each pair of alleles segregates independently during gamete formation.
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| probability | the relative frequency with which an event occurs or is likely to occur
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| genetic linkage | genes that are located close together on the same chromosome.
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