Fiscal, Finance, & Budgeting

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Title

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Special Tax/Revenue Bonds

Repaid from earmarked taxes or user charges

Private Activity Bonds

Repaid with receipts from private firm

Performance Bonds

Required by City & County gov conver offsite public improvement obligations associated with commerecial & residential developments.

Impact fees & tax increment financing

Used to pay for capital projects

Revenue bonds

usually pays for parking garages, swater and sewer systems, landfills etc.

Capital Improvement Progamming

one way to implement comprehensive plan

Capital Improvement Program (CIP)

prepared by planning director or planning commission, use collaboration-consensus building.

Community Development Block Grants

Administered by HUD on formula basis for entitlement communities and by State Dept of Hsg & Community Development (HCD) for non-entitlement jurisdictions. Came about after Housing & Community Development Act of 1974.

Community Development Block Grants

Eliminates blight, slums, health & safety issues,provide decent home to evey family, rational use of land, reduce isolation of income groups, economic opportunity for low and moderate income, Cities with 50,000 pn+, low & moderate pn, prepare a HAP

Growth Management goal 1

protect lands that provide public & quasi public goods

Special Assessment Districts

Area subject to special prop tax assessment for financing special improvements in district.

General Obligation Bonds

Repaid from general taxes

Growth Management goal 2

Accommodate Development needs

Urban growth boundaries (UGB)

Identifies when/where land available for development 20-25 yrs growth in employment & population.

Urban Service Areas (USA)

Geographic areas targeted for new or improved infrastructure or for public fac. & urban services next 5-10 yrs.

Intermediate Growth Boundaries (IGB)

Formed within Urban growth boundaries (UGB) where development channeled over time.

Urban Reserve Boundaries

define land outside UGB which free for development should UGB expand.

Growth Management goal 3

Provide adequate public facilities and services at minimum cost & distribute costs equitably.

Growth Management goal 4

Distribute the burdens of and benefits of growth fairly- communities share plan, finance & manage; use regional approach; housing; share wealth, lulus.

Growth Management goal 5

Prevent or mitigate negative and foster positive externalities- separation of incompatible land uses; containment of urban dev; use zoning & buffers.

Growth Management goal 6

Provide admin efficiency-streamlined permitting procedures; streamlined judicial review.

Cost-Effectiveness Analysis

Used to compare & advocate policies by quantifying total costs & effects. Costs measured iin monetary terms; effects measured in units of any type.

Cost-Revenue Analysis

systematic comparison of two money flows.

Fiscal Impact Analysis

Detemines whether project generates sufficient revenues to offset cost of public services. similar to cost-revenue but CR broader application-impacts on public service. FI-fiscal implications of cost of public services & infrastructure.

Municipal Financing Methods

lease purchase; special assessments; special districts; state & federal grants; tax increment financing.

Economic Development dimensions

Employment, development base, location assets, knowledge resources.

local economic development stratgegy

locality development, business development, HR devlopment, community development

Exaction

contribution or payment required as authorized precondition for receiving a development permit-mandatory dedication or fee-in-lieu of dedication reqmts.

Windfall tax

tax on a financial benefit conferred on a property owner as a result of a publlic action. Recapture windfall profits by the public.

Revenue forecasting

Requires understanding of past, an object view of future & intuitive feel of future.

Budget

Allocating & spending tax $ to provide services to the public that woulod otherwise have to be provided by themselves. Series of goals with price and priorities.

Operating Budget

Everyday expenditures for salaries, supplies, and maintenance.

Planning programming budget system (PPBS)

Technique that organizes budget so it relates to a goal or activity.

Zero Base Budgeting

Budget starts from scratch every year.

Taxes

Generate revenues to finance govt goods & services, redistribute income, reduce income and spending when overall demand is excessive.

Criteria when imposing tax

Fairness, certainty, convenience, efficiency, productivity, neutrality.

Progressive tax

Tax rate increases as income rises.