etoh alcohol for biology of drugs
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| Overall effect of alcohol on the brain: stimulant or depressant? | Depressant
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| Drinking alcohol: ethyl or isopropyl? | ethyl alcohol
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| ETOH | abbreviation for ethyl alcohol
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| Ethyl alcohol | drinking alcohol
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| Isopropyl alcohol | rubbing alcohol
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| Primary site of ETOH absorption | small intestine
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| Primary site of ETOH metabolism | liver
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| Metabolism | breakdown of a drug
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| T or F: men metabolize more ETOH in the stomach than women | True
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| First pass effect | alcohol first passes through the liver and is partially broken down so not all of what was consumed gets distributed to the body
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| Alcohol dehydrogenase | enzyme that breaks down ETOH into acetaldehyde
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| Acetaldehyde | toxic intermediate formed when ETOH is broken down by body
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| Associated with alcoholism: higher or lower levels of alcohol dehydrogenase? | higher
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| Which organ is the main processing site for food and ETOH? | Liver
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| How does Antabuse work? | It deters drinking by preventing the breakdown of acetaldehyde, resulting in buildup of acetaldehyde and its associated hangover symptoms
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| When does fatty liver occur and why? | Occurs when both fat and ETOH are present in the liver. The liver’s priority is to metabolize ETOH, so it stores fat in the liver until ETOH is completely processed.
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| Alcoholic Hepatitis | Inflammation of the liver due to alcohol consumption
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| Cirrhosis | destruction of the liver in which scars replace functional liver tissue
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| Is there a cure for cirrhosis? | Aside from liver transplant: NO
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| How does alcohol contribute to “heartburn?” | ETOH relaxes the sphincter between the esophagus and stomach, allowing acidic contents of stomach to irritate the esophagus
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| Pancreas | endocrine gland important for digestion: regulates blood sugar and secretes digestive enzymes
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| T or F: drinking is a common cause of pancreatitis | True
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| Alcoholic Pancreatitis | drinking causes especially painful inflammation of the pancreas because digestive enzymes leak out of the pancreatic ducts and irritate pancreatic tissue
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| Why are patients hospitalized with alcoholic pancreatitis ordered to NOT eat or drink? | food in the digestive tract will stimulate production of digestive enzymes which will cause the patient pain
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| How does ETOH indirectly contribute to pancreatic cancer? | ETOH may cause pancreatitis. Chronic pancreatitis increases risk pancreatic cancer.
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| What is the 2nd most common cause of death in alcoholics? | cancer
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| Name some cancers ETOH is directly associated with | cancers of mouth, throat, esophagus, rectum, and breasts
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| Holiday Heart Syndrome | heart attack symptoms associated with binge drinking
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| Korsakoff Syndrome | can’t form new memories; caused by ETOH and malnutrition, especially thiamine
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| T or F: ETOH causes impaired erections in males and longer time to orgasm in females | True
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