quick notes
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| Charlemagne | leader most responsible for unifying Europe in the early Middle Ages
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| Feudalism | medieval social system based on the link between military service and the ownership of land
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| Monastic Life | vows of Chastity, Obedience, and Poverty. pursuit of solitary devotion to the spirit
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| Romanesque Style | rounded arches and barrel vaults
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| Cathedral at Chartres-Rose Window | big circular window with Virgin Mary holding the Christ child in the center
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| Cathedral at Chartres-Tunic | "worn by Virgin Mary during Christ's birth"
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| Cathedral at Chartres-Flying Buttresses | supported massive ceiling weight
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| Universities | theology or law or medicine. few women were allowed advanced education
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| Dante | "Divine Comedy"- three parts
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| Chaucer | "Canterbury Tales"- pilgrims with different motivations to travel to Canterbury
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| Medici Family | patrons of charity and arts. commissioned many famous pieces of art.
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| Florence | where Ghiberti's "Gates of Paradise"; Michelangelo's Pieta and David are located
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| Brunellesci | dome of Florence Cathedral
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| Michelangelo | David. Pieta. ceiling of Sistine Chapel
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| Donatello | reinvented freestanding nude in classical style
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| Leonardo-scientist | drawings of airplanes and submarines; many other advances in learning are credited to him
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| Leonardo-painter | *perspective* "Last Supper"also famous for "Mona Lisa"
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| Raphael | "School of Athens" fresco
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| mortality of Renaissance times | 1% lived past 60 years
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| Protestant Ethic | self sacrifice and hard work
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| Reformation | 1517 Martin Luthers 95 Theses in Germany led to a breaking away from the Catholic Church's corruption
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| Counter-Reformation | Catholic Church's response to Protestant movement
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| Predestination | belief that God has predetermined who will be saved
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| King Henry VIII | Anglican Church, away from papal authority
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| satire | criticizes society through humerous exaggeration and parody
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| Erasmus | In Praise of Folly; satire of vanity and corruption in Renaissance society
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| Shakespeare | most acclaimed dramatist of English language
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| Hamlet | by Shakespeareabout a prince's vengence for his father's murder
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| mannerists | Italian artists who used exaggeration, distortion, and expressiveness in an elegant and inventive play on Renaissance conventions
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| Mannerists- most famous work | Madonna of the Long Necks
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| domination of European continent during 16th century | England, France, Spain
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| Taj Mahal | in India
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| Taj Mahal | tomb for favorite wife of Shah Jahan; Mughal empire
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| Baroque | art and music style that characterized the 17th century
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| El Greco | Spanish- Baroque master painterof religious feeling who applied Renaissance technique to his subjects"Burial of Count Orgaz"
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| "Burial of Count Orgaz" | shows biblical figures in contemporary dress and setting
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| Cervantes | Spanish Writer of Baroque eraDon Quixote
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| Don Quixote | explored tension between illustration and reality
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| Bernini-Italian architect | piazza at St. Peters Squareaka "Key to God's Kingdom"
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| Bernini-Italian sculptor | "The Ecstacy of St Teresa"
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| Palace of Versailles | for Louis XIVHall of Mirrors is most famous part
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| Bach | German composer
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| Rembrandt-method | light and shadow
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| Rembrandt-works | "Christ Healing the Sick" etching"Anatomy Lesson of Dr Tulp" oil painting
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| Descartes | "Cogito ergo sum"= "I think, therefore I am"; known for the idea of doubting everything
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| Milton | Paradise Lost
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| Paradise Lost | recounts original drama of Christianity
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| Locke | liberalism
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| Copernicus | Theory of Heliocentrism; repented
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| Newton | theory of gravity
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| theory of gravity | most important discovery of baroque age
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| theory of heliocentrism | sun is stationary, planets revolve around the sun; challenged bible and Catholic church's authority
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| Van Eyck | "Adam and Eve" ; "Marriage of Giovanni Arnolfini"
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