CH6 lecture

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Question

Answer

Compounds formed by two nonmetals or a metalloid and a nonmetal are called __ __ __.

binary molecular compounds

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What are the 7 elements that occur in nature as diatomic molecules?

H2 N2 O2 F2 Cl2 Br2 I2

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rules of naming binary molecular compounds: describe the first word

the prefix describes the number of atoms in the first element + element name

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rules of naming binary molecular compounds: describe the second word

the prefix describes the number of atoms in the second element; the suffix is -ide

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prefix for "2 of" is __.

di-

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prefix for "3 of" is __.

tri-

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prefix for "4 of" is __.

tetra-; think "tetrad has 4 sister chromatids"

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prefix for "5 of" is __.

penta-; think "pentagon"

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prefix for "6 of" is __.

hexa-; think "hexagon"

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prefix for "7 of" is __.

hepta-

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prefix for "8 of" is __.

octa-; think "octamom"

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prefix for "9 of" is __.

nona-

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prefix for "10 of" is __.

deca-; hink "decathlon"

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rules of naming binary molecular compounds:list an exception 1 of 2

H2O is water

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rules of naming binary molecular compounds:list an exception 2 of 2

NH3 is ammonia

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Name of a monatomic cation rule:

Name of element, followed by the word ion

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Name of a monatomic anion rule:

Name of element changed to end in -ide, followed by the word ion

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Charge for Group 1A:

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Charge for Group 2A:

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Charge for Group 3A:

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Charge for Group 5A:

-3

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Charge for Group 6A:

-2

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Charge for Group 7A:

-1

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All transition-element ions have a ____ charge.

positive

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What three TRANSITION ELEMENTS occur with only one charge?

Ni2+, Zn2+, Ag+

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the symbol for the nickel ion, a TRANSITION ELEMENT, is always:

Ni2+

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the symbol for the zinc ion, a TRANSITION ELEMENT, is always:

Zn2+. Note that this is the only common charge, so th charge is not included in the name 'zinc ion'.

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the symbol for the silver ion, a TRANSITION ELEMENT, is always:

Ag+

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the symbol for the mercury(I) ion is a special case:

it is a diatomic (two-atom) ion: Hg22+

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Define an IONIC COMPOUND.

Ionic compound: A combination of cations and anions that form a crystalline solid. Must be electrically neutral.

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How to Write the Formula of an Ionic Compound?

1. write cation formula + anion formula 2. do subscripts to make sum of charges equal to zero, using parens for polyatomic ions needed more than once

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Chloric Acid

HClO3

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Nitric Acid

HNO3

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Sulfuric Acid

H2SO4

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Carbonic Acid

H2CO3

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Phosphoric Acid

H3PO4

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Ammonium ion

NH4+

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Hydroxide ion

OH-

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