WVSOM -- skin -- streptococcus
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| Strep catalase | -
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| Strep metabolism | aerotolerant; ferments sugars -> lactic acid
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| What needs to be used to enrich agar to support growth? | blood
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| How many serologicag groups of strep? | 20
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| what is preliminary grouping based on? | hemolysis of 5% sheep blood
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| what is beta hemolysis | complete
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| what is alpha hemolysis | incompte
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| what is gamma hemolysis | no hemolysis
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| What are teh characteristics of group A strep? | capsule of hyaluronic acid; fibrils; peptidoglycan layer; T and R protiens
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| what soluble virulence factors are seen with group A strep | streptokinase, streptodornase, hyaluronidase, erythrogenic toxin, NADase, streptolysins
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| how is step A acquired | another infected individual or a carea;
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| how is grp A able to spread? | resists phagocytosis and spreads thru tissues
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| how does grp A strep damage teh body? | ellicites a strong inflammatory response and cuases release of chemotoxins for WBC
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| how does group A activate complement? | alternate pathway
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| What does lysis of WBC cause? | release of lysosomal enzymes and then damage to surrounding tissue
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| what is streptolysin O | oxygen labile, antigenic
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| what is streptolysin S? | oxygen stabile, nonantigenic
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| How is pharyngitis diagnosed? | thorat cultures then direct antigen test
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| what are grop A fibrils made up of? | M-proteina dn lipoteichoic acid
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| How are S. pyogenes invasive infections diagnosed? | gram stain and culture; blood culture if bacteremia is suspected
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| What antibodies are used to diagnose S. pyogenes? | antistreptolysin O; streptozyme test
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| What is pharyngitis | sore throat
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| what is scarlet fever? | erythogenic toxin produced by grp A causing rash and strawberry tongue
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| What strep is grp B strep/ | S. agalactiae
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| what does s. agalactiae cause | septicemia, meningitis and pneumonia in neonates
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| what is group D strepe | enterococcus and S. faecalis
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| what does diseases does group D strep cause? | UTI, sound infection; sepsis
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| What diseases does alpha strep (viridans strep) cause | subacute endocarditis
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| what cuases dental caries | s. mutans
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| what group is s. mutans? | alpha
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| what dieseases does s. pneumonia cause? | pneumonia, otitis media, sinusitis
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| treatment for strep? | PCN
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| why is strep treated for prevention? | PCN G or oral PCN for 10 days to prevent rheumatic fever
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| what are general characteristics of pseudomonas aeruginosisa? | gram - fermenter; motile with polar flagella; oxidase positive; obliage aerobes; opportunistic pathogen; green
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| what color is P aeruginosa? | green
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| P. aeruginosa oxidase; | +
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| what does P. aeurginosa grow at? | 42 degrees C
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| what are teh virulence factors of P aeruginosa | pili, polysaccharide capsule, endotoxin, exotoxin A; inhibits protein syntehiss; tissue necrosis; many extra ceullualr enzymes
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| How does P. aeruginosa inhibit protein synthesis? | causes ADP-ribosylation of elongation factor 2
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| what are the common infections of P. aeruginosa? | ecthyma gangrenosum; infect immunocompromised with compromised physical barriers (burns; super infections after antibiotics; respirator pneumonia) folliculitis from hot tubs
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| How do you prevent P. aeruginosa | clean rooms adn steralize hospigtal equipment; replace palstic tubing; minimize unnecessary broad-spectrum antibiotics
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| how do you treat P. aeruginosa? | aminoglycoside + pipercillin or ticarcillin by IV
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| What are characteristics of acinetobacter? | oxdiase negative; nonfermentative, nonmitile, pleomorphic organisms
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| what does Acinetobacter anitratus cause? | noscomial infections similar to pseudomonas
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| what does Acinetobacter baumanii cause? | opptorunistic infections; mutliple drug resistant; seen in American soldiers wounded in iraq
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