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| voice in the poem, often that of a fictional character or object | speaker
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| the words a poet chooses and the way he or she arranges the words to express a thought | diction
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| statement that seems to contradict itself but is true nevertheless | paradox
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| poet reverses standard english word order | poetic inversion
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| suggestive meanings and associations that go beyond their strict dictionary definitions | connotation
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| explicit meanings you find listed in a dictionary | denotations
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| poet uses words that put our senses to work | imagery
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| words with contradictory meanings are combined together | oxymoron
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| a part of something is used to refer to or imply a whole | synedoche
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| use of language to describe one thing in terms of something else | figurative language
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| comparison using like or as | simile
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| inanimate thing is given human qualities | personification
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| object, person, action, or event that stands for itself and for something more than itself as well | symbol
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| omits word of comparison and directly identifies the two unlike things | metaphor
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| metaphors that have been in speech so long they have lost their force | dead metaphor
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| metaphor that extends throughout many lines of a poem | extended metaphor
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| reference to a person, place, event, or literary work | allusion
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| attitude poets take toward their subject matter or audience | tone
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| repetition of accented vowel sounds | rhyme
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| rhymes at the end of a line | end rhyme
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| rhymes which occur within a line | internal rhyme
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| sounds of accented vowels correspond exactly | exact rhyme
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| repition of consonant sounds, usually at the beginning of words | alliteration
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| repetition of vowel sounds in words | assonance
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| use of a word whose sound imitates or suggests its meaning | onomatopoeia
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| recurring use of a phrase, line, or stanza | refrain
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| pairs of rhyming lines | couplets
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| rhymes arranged in a certain pattern | rhyme scheme
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| lilt and a kick in a poem like waves | rhythm
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| when rhythm follows a cerain pattern | meter
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| verse not controlled by any definite meterical pattern | free verse
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| unrhymed iambic pentameter | blank verse
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| poem that tells a story | narrative poetry
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| lofty poems concerned with heroes and heroines who are larger-than-life, told in dignified language | epic
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| relatively short poem orginally meant for singing | ballad
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| poems passed along by word of mouth by common people | fold ballad
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| try to imitate folk ballads but are more elaborate | literary ballad
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| presents one or more characters speaking, usually to each other, but sometimes to themselves or the reader | dramatic poem
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| one character speaks to one or more other characters, whose replies are not given in the poem | dramatic monologue
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| poem that expresses personal thoughts or emotions | lyric poetry
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| figure of speech that uses exaggeration for special effect | hyperbole
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| poem of mourning for a person who has died | elegy
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