aicp environmental
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| CAFÉ – what is it and what Act started it? | Corporate Average Fuel Economy – Energy Policy Conservation Act 1975
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| Energy Independence and Security Act 2008 | increased CAFÉ standards to fleetwide average of 35mpg for new cars sold by 2020 (40% increase).
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| SIP | State Implementation Policy for compliance with clean air act- consists of narrative, rules, technical documentation, and agreements that an individual state will use to clean up polluted areas.
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| FIFRA | – Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act 1996 – requireds registration and lableling of certain pesticides an limits their application and use
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| US EPA - when was it formed? | 1971
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| CERCLA | Comprehensive emergency response, compensation, and liability act – “superfund” – 1980’s
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| What percentage of all land in the US is Agricultural? | Ag land accounts for 2/3 of all privately held land in US
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| When was the first earth day? | April 22, 1970, Earth Day marks the beginning of the modern environmental movement. Approximately 20 million Americans participated, with a goal of a healthy, sustainable environment.
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| Land Suitability Analysis (define) | – Used to evaluate the fitness of land for various uses. Used at a general level (community wide) to identify possible areas for a certain use. (i.e. soil inventories).
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| Four main steps of LSA | selecting and defining a classification system for resources within a land area -classifiying land area according to the system - selecting and defining a classification system for land use-comparing each classified land uses to each classified land area
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| Land and Water Conservation Fund (LWCF) | – Established 1964 - The LWCF program provides matching grants to States and local governments for the acquisition and development of public outdoor recreation areas and facilities. Administered by the NPS. Funded by companies drilling offshore.
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| NEPA – National Environmental Protection Act | 1969 – any major federal action or policy that has a significant impact on the environment will require the preparation of an environmental impact statement.
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| Council on Environmental Quality | NEPA - coordinates federal environmental efforts and works with federal agencies on the development of environmental policies and initiatives (NEPA, CAA, CWA, Farm Bill Conservation)
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| 6 steps of an EA | Describe current conditions2 identify alternative means of accomplishing objective3 enumerate impacts of each alternative4 identify preferred alternative5 describe impact of the selected alternative6 list possible actions to minimize negative impacts
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| 6 steps of an EIS | scoping issue to stakeholders;probable impact of proposed action;adverse effects that cannot be avoided;Alternatives to proposed action;relationship between short term uses andlong-term productivity; identify resources that will be gone forever
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| Clean Air Act | Most recent amendment 1990 – but began with the Air Pollution Control Act 1955 - The federal government sets ambient standards and the states must devise methods that enables these standards to be met. Permit required to release pollutants.
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| Ambient regulations | quality of air that must be maintained after pollutants are introduced
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| Effluent regulations | treatment requirements on the pollutants released
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| PSD standards | Prevention of Significant Deterioration standards- prevent the significant deterioration of very high quality airsheds. Ensure every airshed has a total increment of new air pollution sources that cannot be exceeded unless offset is also made.
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| AQCR | Air Quality Control Region
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| Massachusetts vs. EPA in 2007 | Supreme court says clean air act includes regulation of greenhouse gas emissions.
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| According to the EPA since 1970 national emissions of the six most common air pollutants have been reduced by how much? | 50 percent.
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| Clean Water Act | 1972 - requires anyone wanting to discharge pollutants into a body of water to obtain a permit to do so. It also regulates the amount of water that may be discharged and the types of pollutants that may be released
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| Ambient regulations (water) | the quality of the water that must be maintained in the body of water receiving the pollutants.
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| Effluent regulations (water) | regulations to impose treatment requirements on the actual pollutant
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| Section 404 of CWA | gives extraordinary protection to freshwater and tidal wetlands.
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| Endangered Species Act | 1973 authorizes the determination and listing of species as endangered and threatened;prohibits unauthorized taking, possession, sale;authority to acquire land for conservation of listed species; money to States that establish programs for endangered spec
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| BOD | Biochemical oxygen demand-chemical procedure for determining how fast biological organisms use up oxygen in a body of water. It is used in water quality management and assessment. used as a gauge of the effectiveness of wastewater treatment plants
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| Environmental justice | 1964-civil right act prohibits intentional discrimination against minorities under any program receiving federal financial assistance.Clinton directs agencies ensure policies and practices do not have disproportionate adverse environmental impacts.
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| Decibel levels | whisper 30, 60 moderate, 90, very loud, 120 extremely loud, 150 rock music at its peak Painful
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| Wetland depletion | 70,000 – 90,000 acres per year
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| Slope and suitability for development | 0-0.5%not suited for development;0.5-1%ideal for all types of development;1-3% slight problems for large commercial areas,residential ok;3-5% Major problems for commercial/industrial/large scale residential;5-10% Suitablefor specially designed development
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| Metropolitan Water District of Southern California | (created in 1927 built between 33 and 41) – created the Colorado River Aqueduct running a water pipeline to southern cal
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| Point Source Pollution vs. Non-Point Source pollution | Point Source-discharged directly from a specific site (sewage out of a pipe and into a body of water), non point is contaminated runoff from many sources (snow runoff in steamboat springs picking up pollutants along the way and ending up in the yampa).
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| Effluent Standards | restrictions on the discharge of pollutants into the environment. EPA has guidelines for more than 50 categories.
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| Aquifer | one or more strata of rock or sediment that is saturated and sufficiently permeable to yield economically significant quantities of water to wells or springs.
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| Estuary | an area where fresh water meets salt water.
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| Lagoon | a shallow body of water that is located alongside a coast.
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| Marsh | a type of freshwater, brackish water or saltwater wetland found along rivers, ponds, lakes, and coasts. It does not accumulate appreciable peat deposits and is dominated by herbaceous vegetation.
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| Reservoir | a pond, lake, tank, or basin that can be used for the storage and control of water, and can be either natural or man-made.
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| Surface Water | includes rivers, lakes, oceans, ocean-like water bodies, and coastal tidal waters.
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| Swamp | a freshwater wetland that has spongy, muddy land and a lot of water.
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| Watershed | a region drained by, or contributing water to, a surface water body.
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| Wetlands | swamps, marshes, bogs, and other similar areas.inundated or saturated by surface or ground water at a frequency and duration sufficient to support vegetation typically adapted for life in saturated soil conditions.can be natural or constructed.
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| The Rivers and Harbors Act of 1899 | need congressional approval to build a bridge or damn in a navigable waterway.
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| The Water Pollutant Control Act of 1948 | allowed the Federal Works Administrator to assist government agencies in constructing treatment plants that could help to prevent discharges of inadequately treated sewage and other wastes into interstate waters or tributaries.
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| The Water Quality Act of 1965 | the first time water quality was treated as an environmental concern rather than a public health concern.
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| The Clean Water Act of 1966 | provided construction grants for wastewater treatment facilities.
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| The Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 | reduce polluted runoff in 29 coastal states.states delineate coastal boundaries, must regulate activities within boundaries, inventory special areas requiring protection.global climate change must be part of plan
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| The National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program | FEMA responsible for minimizing the potential damage from earthquakes. FEMA developed model provisions for seismic safety that can be incorporated into building codes.
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| The Federal Water Pollutant Control Act of 1972 | amendedAct of 1948.changed the enforcement from water quality standards to regulating the amount of pollutants being discharged from particular point sources.
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| The Endangered Species Act of 1973 | provided protection of animal and plant species that the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service designate as threatened or endangered. This act was later amended in 1988.
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| The Public Utility Regulatory Policy Act (PURPA) of 1978 | promoted alternative energy sources, energy efficiency, and reduced dependence on foreign oil. It also created a market for non-utility power producers and requires competition in the utility industry.
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| The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980 | created a $1.6 billion Superfund to clean up abandoned hazardous waste sites and requires major industries to report annual releases of toxic wastes into the air, water, or ground.
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| Toxic Substances Act and the Resource Recovery and Conservation Act | – control the emission of otoxic substances into the environment primarily from the work place, and the procedures for disposing of solid and hazardous wastes.
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| Safe drinking water act | – 1974 (EPA) is required to set standards for drinking water quality and oversee all states, localities, and water suppliers who implement these standards.
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| Resource coservation and recover act | 1965-national goals for:Protecting human health and the environment from the hazards of waste disposal;Conserving energy and natural resources;Reducing the amount of waste generated;Ensuring that wastes are managed in an environmentally-sound manner.
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| Wild and scenic rivers act | President Lyndon B. Johnson on October 2, 1968. A river or river section may be designated by the U.S. Congress or the Secretary of the Interior. As of 2004, a total of 156 rivers have wild and scenic status.
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| waste disposal hierarchy according to policy guide | reduce, reuse, recycle, waste to energy, incinerate, landfill
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| amount of earth coverd with water; amt. of that water that is salty; percent of water frozen into polar ice caps; percent fresh water; | 3/4, 97.6, 1.9, .5
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| percent of fresh water found in rivers and lakes; percent of fresh water found in groundwater; | .02, .48, the rest is in the ice caps
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| clean water act - total maximum daily load - tmdl | a calculation of the maximum amount of a pollutant that a waterbody can receive and still safely meet water quality standards.
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| SARA | Superfund Amendments and Re authorization Act
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| limnology | the study of the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of fresh water
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| how many native america reservations in the US? how many acres, how many acres in alaska, how big is the navajo reservation? | 278 reservations, 95 million acres, 40 million acres in alaska, navajo reservation is 16 million acres.
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| how many recognized native american tribes? | 562
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