Chapter 2 Micro Exam 2
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| which bacteria are most commonly obligate anaerobes (main ones)? | peptostreptococci, clostridium, bacteroides, porphyromonas
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| the majority of human pathogens are? | facultative anaerobes (g+ cocci, g- bacilli)
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| less common human pathogens are? | obligate aerobes and/or g- cocci, g+ bacilli
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| what are some of the main facultative anaerobes that cause pathogenicity in humans? | staphylococcus, streptococcus, E. coli, Salmonella, etc
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| AEROBIC BACTERIA, G+ bacilli include? | Bacillus anthracis, Bacillus cereus, Listeria monocytogenes, Corneybacterium diphtheriae
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| AEROBIC bacteria, G+ cocci? | staphylococcus, streptococcus, enterococcus (the common aerobic gram positive pathogens)
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| AEROBIC bacteria, G- bacilli? | E coli, Pseudomonas, Salmonella (the common aerobic gram negative pathogens)
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| AEROBIC, bacteria, G- cocci? | Neisseria (not a common pathogen)
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| Ecoli, pseudomonas, salmonella? | G- bacilli, common pathogens, aerobes
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| Staph, Strep, Enterococci? | common pathogens, g+ cocci aerobic
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| Listeria monocytogenes most commonly causes what? | meningitis and bacteremia
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| Listeria monocytogenes is commonly found where? | animal products/animals
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| common in animals/animal products, opportunistic pathogen, commonly manifests as bacteremia and meningitis? | Listeria monocytogenes (g+ bacillus, aerobe)
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| spore formers, commonly found in the environment, rarely produce disease bc the natural concentrations are low, gram + | Bacillus species (Bacillus anthracis, cereus)
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| You are seeing a patient that appears to have a pharyngitis. Closer examination shows a gray membranous throat (adherant gray pseudomembrane). What is your initial dx and trx? | respiratory Corneybacterium diphtheriae infection. You treat the patient with penicillin, but also treat with Diphtheria antitoxin (to neutralize the exotoxin)
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| What are the affects of Corneybacterium diphtheriae infections? | adherant gray pseudomembrane, pharyngitis. The diphtheria exotoxin primarily affects the heart, kidneys, nerves by inhibiting protein synthesis. The oral colonization can cause airway obstruction. Treatment is emergent.
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| Gram+, cocci, catalase + | staphylococcus aureus
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| gram+, cocci, coagulase -? | Streptococcus, Enterococcus
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| what are the main B-lactamase stable B-lactams | cephalosporins, methicillin, nafcillin
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| Most Gram+ (virulent) orgs produce B-lactamase. What would be the best trx for these orgs, like Staph aureus? | B-lactamase stable B-lactams (like...nafcillin, cephalosporin, methicillin)
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| You have a Staph aureus org in your lab that you are testing. Initially you use penicillin. It eventually becomes resistant. You then use Methicillin (or other B-lactamase stable B-lactams) and it again becomes resistant, so you use Vancomycin. Next? | Vancomycin resistant SA may be treated with Synercid (quinupristin/dalfopristin) or Linezolid
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| What might you use Synercid or Linezolid for? | vancomycin-resistant staph aureus
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| What is the most common Coag neg Staphylococci? | Staph epidermidis
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| What are 2 broad but characteristic facts about coag neg staph? | opportunistic (esp prosthetics)/glycocalyx
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| What is the primary bacteria isolated from blood cultures? | Staph epidermidis
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| What is the first and second most common bacterial causes of UTI's in women? | (1st) Ecoli (2nd) coag neg Staphylococcus saprophyticus
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| Which group of bacteria are commonly associated with prosthetic plastics? | coag neg Staph
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| You have identified a bacterial culture from your patient morphologically as a G+coccus. You then test with catalase and get no reaction. What have you narrowed your search to? and what should be done next? | strep, enterococci; NEXT=hemolytic plates
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| gram+ catalase- and a clear zone on a hemolysis plate | B-hemolytic Group A Strep (GAS)
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| Group A strep is aka? | Strep pyogenes
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| Group B strep is aka? | Strep agalactiae
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| gram+ cocci, catalase -, alpha hemolytic, Optochin (Pdisk) succeptible? | Strep pneumoniae
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| gram+ catalase- alpha hemolytic, optochin (Pdisk) resistant? | viridans strep, enterococcus
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| gram+ catalase- gamma hemolytic? | viridans strep, enterococcus
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| explain the morphological and chemical profile for staph aureus? | gram+ catalase+ coag+
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| explain the morphological and chemical profile for coag negative staph? | gram+ catalase+ coag-
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| explain the morphological and chemical profile for streptococci? | gram+ catalse-
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| explain the morphological and chemical profile for enterococci? | gram+ calase- alpha hemolytic-optochin R or Gamma hemolytic
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| a non-hemolytic organism will produce what type of hemolysis? | gamma
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| explain the morphological and chemical profile for Streptococcus pnemoniae? | gram+ catalase- alpha hemolytic, optochin (P disk) succeptible
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| explain the morphological and chemical profile for viridans strep? | gram+ catalase- alpha hemolytic, optochin resistant (or gamma hemolysis)
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| what is the gram stain of enterococci? | gram positive
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