Stack #23741
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| How much larger will specimen appear with the oil immersion objective | 2.5 x larger
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| What lens is required to clearly see the great majority of bacteria | Oil objective(1000x)
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| What controls the amount of light passing thru a specimen | iris diaphragm
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| Is field of small or larger at higher magnification | smaller
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| What lens is good to use for scanning the slide to look for specimens | 40x
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| What is the purpose of the oil immersion objective | to resolve objects not easily resolved and provide greater detail
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| As magnification increas what happens to depth of focus | decreases
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| What is order of objectives | red,yellow,blue,white,red
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| What are the three types of bacteral shapes | bacillus, coccus, spirillium
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| What are cells | basic structural and functional units of living organisms
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| What is the size of a typical cell | 10-20 micrometers
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| What is the typical size of a bacterial cell | 0.5-6 micrometer depending on species
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| What do you use to clean lens of microscope | lens paper
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| What should position should scanning objective be in before putting microscope away | 40x
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| The coarse focus knob should only be used with ________ | scanning and low power objectives
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| The fine focus knob is used to ________ | bring the specimen into sharp focus
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| What is the scanning lens | 4x
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| What is the low power lens | 10x
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| What is the high power lens | 40x
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| What is the oil immersion lens | 100x
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| What is the amount of light necessary to get the best image | the least possible
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| What 2 factors does resolution depend on | wavelength and numeric aperture
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| What practical value does the hang drop method have | bacteira can be seen at greater depth
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| What practical value does the wet mount method have | fast way to observe bacteria with greater magnification
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| Whay are microorganisms hard to see in wet mount preparations | They ar eunstained and have no contrast
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| What is the shape of bacillus | rod shaped
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| What is the shape of cocci | round
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| Van Leeuwenhoek | first to observe microbes in suspension
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| Brightfield micrscopy | objects are dark and field is light
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| darkfield microscopy | Objects are light and field is dark
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| What is an innoculating loop | A Nichrome wire held with an insulated handle
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| Before and after it is used the innoculating loop is sterilized by? | flaming until red hot
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| Staining procedures that use only one stain are? | simple stains
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| The ion that is colored in stains is called a | chromophore
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| If the chromophore is a positive ion it is what kind of stain | basic stain
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| If the stain has a negative ion it is what kind of stain | acidic stain
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| A simple stain that stains the bacteria is called a | direct stain
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| A simple stain that stains the background but leaves bacteria unstained is a | negative stain
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| Simple stains are used to | determine the morphology size and arragement
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| A smear is made by | spreading a bacterial suspension on a clean slide and allowing it to air dry
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| How is bacteria heat fixed | after it is air dried you pass it thru the flame several times
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| How can bacteria be chemically fixed | cover the smear with 95% methyl alcohol for 1 minute
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| In negative staining why are bacteria not stained | because of ionic repulsion bacteria and stain both have negative charges
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| Are bacteria heat fixed in a negative stain | No
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| The negative stain is useful for determining | cell morphology or size
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| What kind of stain is the gram stain | differential stain
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| What is the mordant in a gram stain | grams iodine
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| What is the counter stain in a gram stain | safranin
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| Bacteria that decolorize easily are classified as | gram negative
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| What color are all bacteria after primary stain is applied | purple
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| Bacteria that decolorize slowly and retain primary stain are called | gram positive
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| In gram negative cells what does the decolorizing agent dissolve | outer lipopolysaccharide layer and the cv-i washes through the layer of petidoglycan
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| When is the gram stain most consistent | when done on young cultures
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| What are the steps for a gram stain | crystal violet, grams iodine, ethyl alcohol, safranin
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| Endospores are formed mainly by | Clostridium and bacillus
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| Endospores are called | resting bodies
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| When are endospores formed | When essential nutrients or water are not available
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| Once an endospore forms in a cell what happens to the cell | It disentagrates
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| Endospores are impermeable to most stains so how are they stained | Heat is applied to drive stain into cell
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| What are the stains used for endospores | malachite green and safranin
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