Infectious Disease
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| Clear vulvar vesicles, inguinal LAD = | Herpes virus (Genital)
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| Viral arthritis: most common agents | Hep B & C, rubella, & parvovirus (parvo can be confused with RA)
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| Viral arthritis: findings | Nondestructive; usually self-limited; No specific tx, except supportive
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| Raccoons, bats, skunks: may carry: | Rabies; give Ig, Rabies vaccine if animal is not caught and tested
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| Agents of Viral Meningitis (aseptic): | Enterovirus (ECHO, Coxsackie A & B), HSV-2; possibly mumps
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| EBV is what kind of virus? | Human Herpesvirus (HHV 4): enveloped DNA virus
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| EBV S/S | Fever, sore throat, posterior LAD, 50% splenomegaly
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| Non-enveloped icosahedral virions: | HPV
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| HPV serotypes | 1-4 skin warts; 11 laryngeal; 6 & 11 anogenital; 16 & 18 assoc w/CIN
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| HSV remains latent within: | dorsal root ganglia; HSV-1 in trigeminal n.; HSV-2 in sacral root ganglia
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| Orthomyxovirus = | influenza (strains A, B, C)
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| VZV incubation = | 10-20 days; esp contagious day before rash appears
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| HIV MOA | Infect cells w/T4 Antigen (esp CD4 helper inducer lymphs); CCR5 & CXCR4 chemokine receptors help viral entry. Also infect B lymphs & macrophages.
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| AIDS definition | CD4 <200 or indicator dz; 4 stages
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| Infant w/jaundice, HSM, low plt, periventricular CNS calcifications, MR, purpura = | CMV
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| CMV complications include: | retinitis (if CD4 <50), esophagitis, odynophagia, pulmo in BMT (85% fatal), encephalitis
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| College student with pharyngitis, big tonsils, anterior cervical LAD, splenomegaly, elevated atypical lymphocytes = | EBV (mononucleosis)
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| HIV pathology | HIV-1 causes AIDS. HIV-2 slower progression.
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| CDC Classification of HIV | A1-A3, B1-B3, C1-C3. A: Asymptomatic. 1: CD4 >500. 2: 200-499. 3: <200.
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| Mean time from exposure to HIV to symptoms suggesting AIDS is: | 10 years
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| Findings highly specific for HIV infection | Hairy leukoplakia of tongue, disseminated Kaposi sarcoma, cutaneous bacillary angiomatosis
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| Hand-foot-mouth Dz organisms | Usually Coxcaskie A16 (enveloped RNA virus). Also Coxsackie A5 & A10 and Enterovirus 71
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| Enterovirus 71 causes 4 forms of HFM Dz: | HFM/herpangina, CNS dz (hypoventilation, limb weakness), pulmonary edema, convalescence
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| Mumps etiology | Paramyxovirus (enveloped single-stranded RNA virus). Droplet & urine transmission. 14-21 day incubation. Virus replicates in lymphoid tissue.
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| Mumps target tissues | Salivary glands, pancreas, testes, ovaries, CNS
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| Most common cause of pancreatitis in children | Mumps
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| Rabies organism | Single-stranded RNA virus in rhabdovirus group
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| Most common infective vectors of rabies in US | Raccoons, skunks, bats, coyotes, foxes
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| Rabies pathology | Incubation 3-7 weeks (may be 10 days to years). Via bite/saliva. Travels thru nerves to brain, multiplies, travels via efferent nerves to salivary glands
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| Rabies prodrome | 2-10 days of pain at bite. ST, fever, HA, N/V, temp sensitivity.
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| Rabies CNS stage | Typically delirium alternating with calm. Painful laryngospasm (hydrophobia). May be paralytic and resemble GBS.
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| RSV organism | Pneumovirus in paramyxovirus family: enveloped single-stranded virus
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| RSV pathology | Produces fusion of human cells in tissue cx (syncytial effect). Droplet / secretions transmission (fall to early spring) -> resp epithelium -> lower airways. 2-8 day incubation.
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| Most common cause of pediatric PNA and bronchiolitis | RSV
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| RSV clinical features | Tachypnea, hypoxemia, hypercapnia, interstitial infiltrates & pulmo collapse on CXR.
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| Common complication of RSV | Strep pneumo AOM
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| SARS clinical features | Persistent fever (>38C), rigors, cough, SOB, rales, rhonchi, HA, ST; watery diarrhea in late dz; malaise & delirium in elderly. Low WBC/lymphs, possibly mild DIC. SaO2 <95%
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| West Nile fever pathology | Flavivirus (arbovirus). Mosquitos are vectors, birds are reservoir. Outbreaks late summer-early fall
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| West Nile fever clinical features | Incubation 2-14 days. 20% have flulike symptoms for 3-6 days. 30% maculopapular rash face & trunk. Stiff neck, AMS, 10% flaccid paralysis, 5% seizures.
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| West Nile fever clinical features by age | Younger patients: febrile syndrome. Adults: aseptic meningitis. Elderly: greatest mortality
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| West Nile meningitis or encephalitis are: | Reportable diseases
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Created by:
Abarnard
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