science
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| what are the 3 most dangerous chems in cigarettes and some of their effects on the body. | Nicotine-constricts blood vessels, affects brain-causes addiction
carbon monoxide-stronger attraction to hemoblobin-is picked up vs. oxygen so not enough o2 4 cellular resp.
tar-coats alveoli+interferes w/gas exchange
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| list some effects of smoking on the body | yellow fingers+teeth
smelly clothes+body+breath
holes in furniture +clothes
bronchitis
emphysema
cold extremities
many types cancer(lung, throat,esophagus etc.)
heart attack
high bp
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| why do smokers have a harder time with physical activity? | tar deteriorates alveoli- gas exchange less efficient-less o2 going to body cells=harder to produce energy.
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| how is our breathing controlled? | medulla in brain detects co2 levels in blood-when increase-sends nerve messages to diaphragm-contract faster. when decrease-sends fewer messages
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| how are carbon hydrogen oxygen and nitrogen constantly rearranged in cells? | C, H, O always going through cellular respiration. nitrogen-always being changed to urea.
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| what is the differences between a normal lung and a pneumonia lung on xray? | pneum lung is whiter-less space, can see some solid bits in the lung vs. normal lung is for the most part completely black. higher density in pneum. lung.
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| Identify causes symptoms+treatments of pneumonia | symptoms:fluid produced to wash away toxins irritating lungs.
causes-bacteria, virus, toxins
treatments- antibiotics 4 bac-need to just wait it out for virus+toxins
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| how is air different at different elevations? how does the body adapt to this? | there is less oxygen at higher elevations-body producs more rbcs and rbcs produce more hemoblobin.
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| what happens w/ diaphragm, ribs/intercostal muscles during inhalation. | diaphragm contracts- flattening for more space.
intercostals pull ribs up and out creating more space.
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| how do air pressure/volume in lungs+chest cavity change during inhalation? | lungs-
ap-increases-rush of air.
volume-increases(lungs inflate)
chest cavity:
ap-decreases-more space so less pressure
volume-increases-more space
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| what happens w/diaphragm, ribs/intercostal muscles during exhalation. | diaphragm-relaxs-moves up
intercostals relax, moving ribs down and in.
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| how do the volume+air pressure of the lungs and chest cavity change during exhalation? | lungs:
ap-decreases-air leaves
volume-decreases air leaves
chest cavity:
ap-increases-less space same amount air
volume-decreases-less space
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| list examples of wastes and how they are excreted | some water-every kind of excretion
co2-breathed
salt-urine
urea/nitrogen-urine
left over food+water-feces
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| what are some things that should be found in urine. what are some that should not. | should: nitrogen, water, calcium, salt, occasionally sugar
shouldn't: blood, too much sugar
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| describe how the digestive, urinary, respiratory and circulatory systems interact. | digestive-breaks down food into sugar 4 cellular resp. circ. carries sugar+gases to cells+resp. system. resp system provides oxygen+gets rid of co2. circ. system carries some wastes to urinary system gets rid of them(urine)
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| explain what diabetes is using blood sugar, insulin, pancreas, body cells. | pancreas doesnt produce insulin...insulin alerts body cells of glucose in blood(blood sugar) so it can allow it to cross membrane for cellular respiration.
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